Na Cocer Peptides 
1 mahina aku nei
ʻO nā ʻatikala a me nā ʻike huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele pūnaewele wale nō no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻike a me nā kumu hoʻonaʻauao.
ʻO nā huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele i manaʻo wale ʻia no ka noiʻi in vitro. Hana ʻia ka noiʻi in vitro (Latin: *i ke aniani*, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka ipu aniani) ma waho o ke kino kanaka. ʻAʻole kēia mau huahana he lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia e ka US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana, mālama, a hoʻōla paha i kekahi maʻi olakino, maʻi, a maʻi paha. Ua pāpā loa ʻia e ke kānāwai ke hoʻokomo i kēia mau huahana i loko o ke kino kanaka a holoholona paha ma kekahi ʻano.
1. Nānā nui
ʻO ka Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) he pūʻulu o nā maʻi neurodevelopmental i hōʻike ʻia e nā hemahema i ka kamaʻilio ʻana a me ka launa pū ʻana, a me nā ʻano hana hou a paʻa a me nā makemake. ʻO Oxytocin, kahi neuropeptide e hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nohona pili kanaka, ua puka mai ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau kūpono no ka mālama autism. E ʻimi kēia ʻatikala i ka hana a me nā noi o ka oxytocin i ka mālama autism.
Kiʻi 1. Hoʻoponopono i ka oxytocin a me ke serotonin ma nā hōʻailona koʻikoʻi o ka autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
2. Ke kumu olaola o Oxytocin
2.1 Hoʻolālā a me ka Synthesis
ʻO ka Oxytocin (OXT) he nonapeptide cyclic kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ʻelua cysteine amino acid i kahi paʻa disulfide intramolecular. Hana ʻia ia e ka hypothalamus a hūnā ʻia i loko o ke kahe koko mai ka pituitary gland hope. I loko o ke kikowaena pūnaewele, ua hoʻokumu nui ʻia nā neurons hana oxytocin i loko o ka paraventricular nucleus a me ka supraoptic nucleus o ka hypothalamus. Hoʻokumu kēia mau neurons i nā axons i ka pituitary gland hope a me nā ʻāpana lolo ʻē aʻe, e like me ka amygdala, hippocampus, a me ka cortex prefrontal, a laila e hoʻoponopono i nā hana physiological a me nā ʻano hana.
2.2 Mechanism of Action
Hoʻohana ka Oxytocin i kona mau hopena ma o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea loaʻa oxytocin kūikawā (OXTR). ʻO OXTR no ka ʻohana G protein-coupled receptor a hoʻolaha nui ʻia i loko o ka ʻōnaehana nūnū waena a me nā ʻiʻo peripheral. I loko o ka lolo, hiki i ka hoʻoulu ʻana o OXTR ke hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o nā neurotransmitters e like me dopamine a me serotonin, a laila e hoʻohuli ai i ka excitability neuronal a me ka synaptic plasticity. I loko o ka amygdala, hiki i ka oxytocin ke hoʻoponopono i ka pane ʻana o nā neurons amygdala i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka pilikanaka, e pili ana i ka hana ʻana o ke kanaka i ka ʻike pili a me ka hiki ke noʻonoʻo.
3. ʻO ke kuleana o ka Oxytocin i ka mālama ʻana i ka autism
3.1 Nā hopena ma ka hana kaiaulu
3.1.1 Hoʻonui i ka pilina pili kaiaulu
Hōʻike nā haʻawina he nui e hiki i ka oxytocin ke kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka launa pū ʻana i nā poʻe me ka autism. Ma kahi noiʻi kahi i lawelawe ʻia ai nā ʻiole makua i ka oxytocin (0.8 IU/kg) intranasally i kēlā me kēia lā, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā holoholona i mālama ʻia i ʻelua manawa e launa pū me nā hoa pili ma hope o ʻelua pule wale nō. Ma nā haʻawina kanaka, ʻoiai ʻokoʻa nā hopena hoʻokolohua lapaʻau, ua hōʻike kekahi mau haʻawina i nā hopena maikaʻi. No ka laʻana, ʻo kahi haʻawina e hoʻohana ana i ka oxytocin (24 IU i kēlā me kēia lā ʻelua no nā pule ʻeono) i nā keiki me ka autism ua loaʻa ka hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻana i nā helu ma ka Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hana kaiaulu.
3.1.2 Hoʻonui i ka ʻike pilikanaka
Hiki i ka Oxytocin ke hoʻololi i ka ʻike a hoʻomaopopo ʻana o ka poʻe me ka autism i nā ʻike pilikanaka. Ma nā haʻawina hoʻonaʻauao magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), ua hōʻike nā kāne kāne makua me ka autism i ka piʻi ʻana o ka hana o ka lolo ma ka posterior superior temporal gyrus (pSTS) i ka wā e hoʻoponopono ai i ka neʻe biological point-light e ʻike ai i nā ʻano manaʻo ma hope o hoʻokahi dosis o intranasal oxytocin (IN-OT). Hōʻike kēia e hiki i ka oxytocin ke hoʻonui i ka ʻike a me ka hana ʻana o nā ʻike pili kanaka i nā poʻe me ka autism.
3.2 Nā hopena ma ka hana ʻana i ka manaʻo
3.2.1 Hoʻoponopono i ka hana Amygdala
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka amygdala i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka naʻau a me ka ʻano pilikanaka. ʻO nā kumu he nui o ka lapaʻau oxytocin intranasal (4 mau pule, 24 IU i kēlā me kēia lā) i hopena i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa mau ʻana i ka hana lolo i ka amygdala bilateral, i hoʻomau ʻia ma hope o ka manawa mālama maoli, a hiki i 4 mau pule a me 1 makahiki ma hope o ka mālama ʻana. Hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo nā mea komo me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui ʻana i ka hana amygdala i hōʻike i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ʻano, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻopili ʻana a me ka hana ʻana. Hōʻike kēia e hiki i ka oxytocin ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka naʻau a me ka ʻano pilikino i nā poʻe me ka autism ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hana amygdala.
3.2.2 Hoʻonui i ka hiki ke ʻike i ka naʻau
Hōʻike kekahi mau haʻawina e hiki i ka oxytocin ke kōkua i ka poʻe me ka autism e ʻike maikaʻi i nā manaʻo. ʻO nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua e pili ana i nā hana e like me ka ʻike ʻana i ka helehelena i ʻike ʻia ua hoʻomaikaʻi ka hoʻokele oxytocin i ka pololei o ka ʻike naʻau i nā mea komo.
3.3 Nā hopena ma nā ʻano hana hou a me nā ʻano Stereotyped
Manaʻo kekahi mau haʻawina e loaʻa i ka oxytocin kahi hopena maikaʻi i nā ʻano hana hou a stereotyped i nā poʻe me ka autism. Ma ke aʻo ʻana i nā ʻiole makua, ma hope o ʻehā pule o ka mālama ʻana i ka oxytocin, ua hoʻemi ʻia nā ʻano hana hou e 30%, a ua mau kēia hopena no ʻehā pule ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka mālama ʻana. Ma nā haʻawina kanaka, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka oxytocin (24 IU i kēlā me kēia lā ʻelua no ʻeono pule) i nā keiki me ka autism i hopena i ka hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻana i ka helu Repetitive Behavior Scale - Revised (RBS), e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā ʻano repetitive a stereotyped.
4. Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka Oxytocin i ka lāʻau Autism
Holomua noiʻi lapaʻau
Hoʻokahi-Dose Haʻawina
Ua noiʻi nui nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokele randomized (RCTs) i nā hopena o ka oxytocin hoʻokahi. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina he nui e pili ana i nā neurotypical a me nā poʻe autistic i ka hoʻokele oxytocin hoʻokahi-dose e loaʻa i nā hopena maikaʻi nui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka placebo. Ma kekahi mau haʻawina, hoʻonui ka oxytocin intranasal hoʻokahi i ka hana ma nā hana pilikino kikoʻī ma waena o nā maʻi autistic, e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka maka a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka nānā ʻana i nā mea hoʻoulu kanaka.
ʻO nā haʻawina lōʻihi-nui
ʻO nā hopena o nā haʻawina e pili ana i ka hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻana o ka oxytocin ma nā ʻano nui he ʻano like ʻole. Ua hōʻike kekahi mau haʻawina i nā hopena maikaʻi. Ma ke aʻo ʻana o nā keiki me ka autism, ʻehā pule o ka hoʻokele oxytocin mau loa (12 IU ʻelua i kēlā me kēia lā) i hoʻoulu i ka ʻōnaehana oxytocin endogenous, e like me ka mea i ʻike ʻia e ka piʻi nui ʻana o nā pae oxytocin salivary 24 mau hola ma hope o ka hoʻokele intranasal spray hope. Eia hou, ua ʻike ʻia ka hoʻemi ʻana o ka DNA methylation o ka oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻōlelo hoʻokipa, a pili pū me nā manaʻo palekana. I loko o kahi ho'āʻo Phase 2 he 24 mau pule, ua mālama ʻia nā keiki a me nā ʻōpio me ka autism o 3-17 mau makahiki i 48 mau ʻāpana honua o intranasal oxytocin i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia nā hopena i ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o ka hui oxytocin a me ka hui placebo i ke ana hopena mua, ka helu Abnormal Behavior Checklist Modified Social Withdrawal Subscale (ABC-mSW).
5. Ka hopena
Ua hōʻike ka hormone oxytocin i kekahi kuleana i ka mālama ʻana i ka autism, hiki ke hoʻokō i nā hopena maikaʻi i ka hana ʻana i ka nohona, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka naʻau, a me nā ʻano stereotyped hou i nā poʻe me ka autism.
Nā kumu
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