By Cocer Peptides 
1 ọnwa gara aga
Edemede na ozi ngwaahịa niile enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka mgbasa ozi na ebumnuche mmụta.
Ngwaahịa ndị enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka nyocha in vitro. A na-eme nyocha in vitro (Latin: * na iko *, nke pụtara na ihe eji enyo) na mpụga ahụ mmadụ. Ngwaahịa ndị a abụghị ọgwụ, ndị US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) akwadoghị ya, ha agaghịkwa eji ya gbochie, gwọọ, ma ọ bụ gwọọ ọnọdụ ahụike ọ bụla, ọrịa, ma ọ bụ ọrịa. Iwu amachibidoro nke ọma iwebata ngwaahịa ndị a n'ime ahụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ n'ụdị ọ bụla.
1. Nchịkọta
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) bụ otu ọrịa neurodevelopment nke e ji erughị eru na nkwurịta okwu na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, yana omume na mmasị na-emegharị ma na-egbochi. Oxytocin, neuropeptide nke na-arụ ọrụ dị oke mkpa n'ịchịkwa omume mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, apụtala dị ka onye nwere ike itinye ọgwụ maka ọgwụgwọ autism. Isiokwu a ga-enyocha ọrụ na ngwa nke oxytocin na ọgwụgwọ autism.
Ọnụọgụ 1. Iwu nke oxytocin na serotonin na ọrịa mgbagwoju anya nke autism (ASD).
2. Usoro ndu nke Oxytocin
2.1 Nhazi na Synthesis
Oxytocin (OXT) bụ cyclic nonapeptide nke amino acid abụọ cysteine na-etolite njikọ disulfide intramolecular. A na-emepụta ya site na hypothalamus wee zoo ya n'ọbara site na gland pituitary dị n'azụ. Na sistemu ụjọ nke etiti, neurons na-emepụta oxytocin na-etinyekarị uche na oghere paraventricular na supraoptic nucleus nke hypothalamus. Neurons ndị a na-arụ ọrụ axon na gland pituitary nke dị n'azụ na mpaghara ụbụrụ ndị ọzọ, dị ka amygdala, hippocampus, na prefrontal cortex, si otú ahụ na-ahazi ọrụ dị iche iche nke anụ ahụ na omume.
2.2 Usoro nke Omume
Oxytocin na-arụ ọrụ ya site na ijikọta ndị na-anabata oxytocin (OXTR). OXTR bụ nke ezinaụlọ nnabata protein jikọtara ọnụ ma na-ekesa ebe niile na sistemụ ụjọ etiti yana anụ ahụ dị n'akụkụ. Na ụbụrụ, ịgbalite OXTR nwere ike ịhazi ntọhapụ nke neurotransmitters dị ka dopamine na serotonin, si otú ahụ na-emetụta neuronal excitability na synaptic plasticity. Na amygdala, oxytocin nwere ike ịhazi nzaghachi nke amygdala neurons na mkpali mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, na-emetụta nhazi nke mmadụ nke ozi mmetụta uche na ikike nghọta mmadụ.
3. Ọrụ Oxytocin na ọgwụgwọ Autism
3.1 Mmetụta na Ọrụ Social
3.1.1 emelitere mmekọrịta ọha na eze
Ọtụtụ ọmụmụ na-egosi na oxytocin nwere ike inye aka melite mmekọrịta mmadụ na ndị nwere autism. N'ime ọmụmụ ebe a na-enye ụmụ oke ndị toro eto oxytocin (0.8 IU / kg) intranasally kwa ụbọchị, anụmanụ ndị a na-emeso na-eji okpukpu abụọ na-emekọrịta ihe na ndị mmekọ mmekọrịta mgbe nanị izu abụọ gasịrị. N'ime ọmụmụ ihe mmadụ, ebe ụfọdụ nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ dị iche iche, ụfọdụ nchọpụta egosila mmetụta dị mma. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọmụmụ ihe na-eji oxytocin (24 IU kwa ụbọchị abụọ maka izu isii) na ụmụaka nwere autism hụrụ ọganihu dị ịrịba ama na ọnụ ọgụgụ na Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), na-egosi nkwalite ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya.
3.1.2 Mmata Ọha na eze
Oxytocin nwere ike imetụta otú ndị nwere autism si aghọta ma ghọta ihe gbasara ọha mmadụ. Na arụmọrụ magnetik resonance imaging (fMRI) ọmụmụ, okenye nwoke sonyere na autism gosiri a pụrụ ịdabere na-abawanye na ụbụrụ ọrụ na posterior elu temporal gyrus (pSTS) mgbe nhazi point-ìhè ndu ngagharị iji mata mmetụta mmetụta uche na-eso otu dose nke intranasal oxytocin (IN-OT). Nke a na-egosi na oxytocin nwere ike ime ka nghọta na nhazi nke mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndị nwere autism.
3.2 Mmetụta na nhazi mmetụta uche
3.2.1 Iwu nke Ọrụ Amygdala
Amygdala na-arụ ọrụ dị oke egwu na nhazi mmetụta uche na omume mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Otutu usoro ọgwụgwọ intranasal oxytocin (izu 4, 24 IU kwa ụbọchị) mere ka mbelata ọrụ ụbụrụ na-adịgide adịgide na amygdala bilateral, nke nọgidere na-adị ọbụna mgbe oge ọgwụgwọ ahụ gasịrị, na-adịgide ruo izu 4 na 1 afọ ọgwụgwọ. Na mgbakwunye, ndị sonyere na mbelata ọkwa dị elu na ọrụ amygdala gosipụtara mmelite omume ka ukwuu, ọkachasị n'ichepụta onwe ha na mgbakwunye na-ezere na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya. Nke a na-egosi na oxytocin nwere ike imeziwanye nhazi mmetụta uche na mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya na ndị nwere autism site n'ịhazi ọrụ amygdala.
3.2.2 Enwetara ike ịmata mmetụta mmetụta uche
Ụfọdụ nnyocha na-egosi na oxytocin nwere ike inyere ndị nwere autism aka ịmata mmetụta uche nke ọma. Nnwale omume metụtara ọrụ dị ka njirimara ihu ihu chọpụtara na nchịkwa oxytocin kwalitere izi ezi nke nnabata mmetụta uche na ndị sonyere.
3.3 Mmetụta na Àgwà Nkwugharị na stereotyped
Ụfọdụ ọmụmụ na-egosi na oxytocin nwere ike inwe mmetụta bara uru na omume ugboro ugboro na stereotyped na ndị nwere autism. N'ime ọmụmụ banyere ụmụ oke ndị toro eto, mgbe izu anọ nke ọgwụgwọ oxytocin gasịrị, omume ugboro ugboro na-ebelata site na 30%, mmetụta a dịgidere ruo izu anọ mgbe nkwụsị ọgwụgwọ gasịrị. N'ime ọmụmụ ihe mmadụ, iji oxytocin (24 IU kwa ụbọchị abụọ maka izu isii) na ụmụaka nwere autism mere ka ọganihu dị ịrịba ama na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Repetitive Behavior Scale - Revised (RBS), na-atụ aro mbelata nke omume ugboro ugboro na stereotyped.
4. Ngwa Oxytocin na ọgwụgwọ Autism
Ọganihu nyocha ụlọ ọgwụ
Ọmụmụ otu dose
Ọtụtụ nnwale ndị a na-achịkwaghị achịkwa (RCT) enyochala mmetụta nke oxytocin otu dose. Ọtụtụ nchọpụta metụtara ma ndị neurotypical na ndị autistic egosila na nchịkwa oxytocin otu dose na-enye mmetụta bara uru dị ukwuu ma e jiri ya tụnyere placebo. N'ọmụmụ ihe ụfọdụ, otu dose intranasal oxytocin mere ka arụmọrụ dịkwuo mma na ọrụ mmekọrịta ọha na eze n'etiti ndị ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa, dị ka mmụba anya na-eleba anya na mkpali mmekọrịta.
Ọmụmụ ihe ogologo oge ọtụtụ dose
Nsonaazụ nke ọmụmụ banyere iji ogologo oge nke oxytocin na ọtụtụ doses bụ ihe na-ekwekọghị ekwekọ. Ụfọdụ ọmụmụ egosila mmetụta dị mma. N'ime ọmụmụ banyere ụmụaka nwere autism, izu anọ nke nchịkwa oxytocin na-adịghị ala ala (12 IU ugboro abụọ kwa ụbọchị) kpaliri usoro oxytocin endogenous, dị ka ọ na-egosi site na mmụba dị ukwuu na ọkwa oxytocin salivary 24 awa mgbe nchịkwa nchịkwa intranasal ikpeazụ gasịrị. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, a hụrụ mbelata DNA methylation nke oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), na-atụ aro mmụba nke nkwupụta nnabata, ma jikọta ya na mmetụta nchebe ka mma. N'ime izu iri abụọ na anọ nke placebo na-achịkwa usoro nke abụọ, ụmụaka na ndị nọ n'afọ iri na ụma nwere Autism afọ 3-17 ka a na-enye nkeji 48 nke intranasal oxytocin kwa ụbọchị. Nsonaazụ egosighị ọdịiche dị ịrịba ama n'etiti otu oxytocin na placebo otu n'ime ihe nrịbama nke bụ isi, ihe nrịbama nke omume na-adịghị mma Modified Social Withdrawal Subscale (ABC-mSW).
5. Mmechi
Hormone oxytocin egosipụtala ụfọdụ ọrụ na ọgwụgwọ nke autism, nwere ike ịkpata mmetụta dị mma na ọrụ mmekọrịta mmadụ na ibe ya, nhazi mmetụta uche, na omume stereotyped ugboro ugboro na ndị nwere autism.
Isi mmalite
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