By Cocer Peptides 
Watanni 1 da suka gabata
DUKKANIN LABARI DA BAYANIN KYAUTATAWA DA AKE BAYAR A WANNAN SHAFIN KAWAI DOMIN WATSA BAYANI NE DA MANUFOFIN ILIMI.
Kayayyakin da aka bayar akan wannan gidan yanar gizon an yi niyya ne kawai don binciken in vitro. Binciken in vitro (Latin: *a cikin gilashi*, ma'ana a cikin gilashin gilashi) ana gudanar da shi a wajen jikin mutum. Waɗannan samfuran ba magunguna ba ne, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ba ta amince da su ba, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da su don hanawa, magani, ko warkar da kowane yanayi na likita, cuta, ko cuta. Doka ta haramta shigar da waɗannan samfuran cikin jikin mutum ko dabba ta kowace hanya.
1. Dubawa
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) rukuni ne na cututtuka na ci gaban neurodevelopment wanda ke da kasawa a cikin sadarwar zamantakewa da hulɗa, da kuma maimaitawa da ƙuntatawa halaye da sha'awa. Oxytocin, neuropeptide wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaita halayen zamantakewa, ya fito a matsayin ɗan takarar ɗan takarar magani don maganin Autism. Wannan labarin zai bincika rawar da aikace-aikacen oxytocin a cikin maganin autism.
Hoto 1. Dokokin oxytocin da serotonin a kan rashin lafiyar autism (ASD) ainihin bayyanar cututtuka.
2. Tushen Halitta na Oxytocin
2.1 Tsari da Ƙarfafawa
Oxytocin (OXT) wani nau'in nonapeptide ne na cyclic wanda amino acid biyu na cysteine suka samar da haɗin disulfide na intramolecular. Ana samar da shi ta hanyar hypothalamus kuma yana ɓoye cikin jini daga glandan pituitary na baya. A cikin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya, oxytocin-samar neurons sun fi mayar da hankali a cikin tsakiya na tsakiya da kuma supraoptic tsakiya na hypothalamus. Wadannan neurons suna aiwatar da axon zuwa glandan pituitary na baya da sauran yankuna na kwakwalwa, kamar su amygdala, hippocampus, da cortex na prefrontal, don haka suna daidaita ayyuka daban-daban na ilimin lissafi da halaye.
2.2 Tsarin Aiki
Oxytocin yana aiwatar da tasirin sa ta hanyar ɗaure ga takamaiman masu karɓar oxytocin (OXTR). OXTR na cikin dangin mai karɓar sunadaran sunadaran G kuma ana rarraba shi ko'ina cikin tsarin juyayi na tsakiya da nama. A cikin kwakwalwa, kunna OXTR na iya tsara sakin masu watsawa kamar su dopamine da serotonin, ta haka yana tasiri tasirin neuronal da filastik synaptic. A cikin amygdala, oxytocin na iya daidaita martanin amygdala neurons zuwa abubuwan motsa jiki, yana shafar aikin mutum na bayanan motsin rai da iyawar fahimtar zamantakewa.
3. Matsayin Oxytocin a cikin Jiyya na Autism
3.1 Tasiri akan Ayyukan Jama'a
3.1.1 Ingantacciyar hulɗar zamantakewa
Yawancin karatu sun nuna cewa oxytocin na iya taimakawa wajen inganta hulɗar zamantakewa a cikin mutane tare da autism. A cikin binciken da aka yi amfani da berayen manya oxytocin (0.8 IU / kg) a cikin hanci a kowace rana, dabbobin da aka kula da su sun ciyar sau biyu fiye da lokacin hulɗa tare da abokan hulɗa bayan makonni biyu kawai. A cikin nazarin ɗan adam, yayin da wasu sakamakon gwaji na asibiti ya bambanta, wasu nazarin sun nuna sakamako mai kyau. Alal misali, binciken da aka yi amfani da oxytocin (24 IU kowane kwana biyu na makonni shida) a cikin yara masu autism sun sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙididdiga akan Scale Responsiveness Scale (SRS), yana nuna haɓaka aikin zamantakewa.
3.1.2 Ingantacciyar fahimtar zamantakewa
Oxytocin na iya yin tasiri kan yadda mutanen da ke da Autism suka gane da fahimtar abubuwan zamantakewa. A cikin nazarin aikin maganadisu na maganadisu (fMRI), mahalarta maza masu girma tare da Autism sun nuna ingantaccen karuwa a cikin ayyukan kwakwalwa a cikin gyrus na baya na wucin gadi (pSTS) yayin aiwatar da motsin nazarin halittu na ma'ana-haske don gano yanayin motsin rai bayan kashi ɗaya na oxytocin intranasal (IN-OT). Wannan yana nuna cewa oxytocin na iya haɓaka fahimta da sarrafa alamun zamantakewa a cikin mutane masu autism.
3.2 Tasiri kan Gudanar da Hankali
3.2.1 Dokokin Ayyukan Amygdala
Amygdala tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen sarrafa motsin rai da halayyar zamantakewa. Yawancin allurai na maganin oxytocin intranasal (makonni 4, 24 IU kowace rana) ya haifar da ci gaba da raguwa a cikin aikin kwakwalwa a cikin amygdala na biyu, wanda ya ci gaba har ma bayan ainihin lokacin jiyya, har zuwa makonni 4 da 1 shekara bayan jiyya. Bugu da ƙari, mahalarta tare da ƙarin raguwa a cikin ayyukan amygdala sun nuna haɓakar halaye masu girma, musamman a cikin abin da aka sani na kaucewa haɗin kai da kuma aiki na zamantakewa. Wannan yana nuna cewa oxytocin na iya inganta aikin motsin rai da halayyar zamantakewa a cikin mutane tare da autism ta hanyar daidaita ayyukan amygdala.
3.2.2 Ingantacciyar Ƙarfin Gane Ƙaunar Ƙirarriya
Wasu nazarin sun nuna cewa oxytocin na iya taimakawa mutane da autism su gane motsin zuciyarmu. Gwaje-gwajen ɗabi'a da suka haɗa da ayyuka irin su fahimtar yanayin fuska sun gano cewa gudanarwar oxytocin ta inganta daidaiton fahimtar motsin rai a cikin mahalarta.
3.3 Tasiri kan Maimaituwa da Halayen da aka ƙirƙira
Wasu nazarin sun nuna cewa oxytocin na iya samun tasiri mai amfani akan maimaitawa da halayen da ba a sani ba a cikin mutanen da ke da autism. A cikin nazarin manya manya, bayan makonni hudu na maganin oxytocin, halayen maimaitawa sun ragu da kashi 30%, kuma wannan tasirin ya ci gaba har tsawon makonni hudu bayan dakatarwar magani. A cikin nazarin ɗan adam, yin amfani da oxytocin (24 IU kowane kwana biyu na makonni shida) a cikin yara tare da autism ya haifar da ingantaccen ƙididdiga a cikin Matsakaicin Halayen Maimaitawa - Revised (RBS), yana ba da shawarar rage yawan maimaitawa da halayen da ba su dace ba.
4. Aikace-aikacen Oxytocin a cikin Jiyya na Autism
Ci gaban Bincike na asibiti
Nazarin-Kashi ɗaya
Yawancin gwaje-gwajen da aka sarrafa bazuwar (RCTs) sun binciki tasirin oxytocin kashi ɗaya. Yawancin karatu da suka shafi duka neurotypical da autistic mutane sun nuna cewa gudanarwar oxytocin guda ɗaya yana haifar da tasiri mai amfani idan aka kwatanta da placebo. A wasu nazarin, oxytocin intranasal guda ɗaya ya inganta aiki a cikin takamaiman ayyuka na zamantakewa tsakanin marasa lafiya na autistic, irin su ƙara yawan ido da kuma kara da hankali ga abubuwan motsa jiki.
Yawancin Nazari na Tsawon Lokaci
Sakamakon binciken akan amfani da oxytocin na dogon lokaci a yawancin allurai ba su da daidaituwa. Wasu nazarin sun nuna tasiri mai kyau. A cikin nazarin yara masu fama da autism, makonni hudu na gudanarwar oxytocin na yau da kullum (12 IU sau biyu a kowace rana) ya motsa tsarin oxytocin na ƙarshe, kamar yadda aka nuna ta hanyar karuwa mai yawa a cikin matakan oxytocin salivary 24 hours bayan gudanarwa na ciki na ƙarshe. Bugu da ƙari, an lura da raguwar methylation na DNA na oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR), yana ba da shawarar ƙara yawan maganganun mai karɓa, kuma yana da alaƙa da ingantacciyar ji na tsaro. A cikin gwaji na 24-mako-mai sarrafa placebo, yara da matasa tare da Autism shekaru 3-17 shekaru an gudanar da 48 na kasa da kasa raka'a na intranasal oxytocin kullum. Sakamakon ya nuna babu wani bambanci mai mahimmanci tsakanin ƙungiyar oxytocin da ƙungiyar placebo a cikin ma'aunin sakamako na farko, Ƙididdiga na Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙarƙashin Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru (ABC-mSW).
5. Kammalawa
Hoton oxytocin ya nuna wani matsayi a cikin maganin Autism, mai yuwuwar yin tasiri mai kyau akan aikin zamantakewa, sarrafa motsin rai, da kuma maimaita dabi'un stereotyped a cikin mutane tare da autism.
Sources
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Samfura akwai don amfani da bincike kawai:
