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▎ Enzimba ya Ipamorelin
Ensibuko: PubChem |
Omutendera: XHXFK Ensengekera ya molekyu: C 38H 49N 9O5 Obuzito bwa molekyu: 711.9 g/mol Ennamba ya CAS: 170851-70-4 PubChem CID: 9831659. Omuntu w’abantu Ebigambo ebikwatagana: NNC-26-0161;UNII-Y9M3S784Z6;IPAMORELIN ACETATE |
▎ Okunoonyereza ku Ipamorelin
Kiki ekiva mu kunoonyereza ku Ipamorelin?
Okulwawo okufulumya amazzi mu lubuto mbeera ya bulijjo, era mu kiseera kino, waliwo obujjanjabi obutono obukola obulungi. Okunoonyereza kuzudde nti Ipamorelin, nga synthetic peptidomimetic, ekola ku ghrelin receptor era eyinza okuba n’ekikolwa eky’obujjanjabi ku kulwawo okufulumya amazzi mu lubuto. Mu kunoonyereza okwakolebwa ku nkola y’ebiwuka ey’okuzimba olubuto, okusannyalala kw’olubuto kwaleetebwa okulongoosebwa mu lubuto n’okukozesa ebyenda, era kyazuulibwa nti Ipamorelin esobola okwanguya okufulumya amazzi mu lubuto [1]..
Ileus oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa kusoomoozebwa kwa maanyi mu nkola y’obujjanjabi, nga temuli nkola nnungi ez’okuddukanya. Ghrelin receptor stimulation erina ekikolwa ekitumbula okutambula ku bitundu byombi ebya waggulu n’ebya wansi eby’enkola y’olubuto. Nga ghrelin receptor agonist, Ipamorelin erina omugaso oguyinza okukozesebwa mu kujjanjaba ileus oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa. Okugeza, mu kunoonyereza, okunoonyereza okusuubirwa, okwa randomized, controlled proof-of-concept okunoonyereza kwakolebwa ku balwadde abalongoosebwa ekyenda oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa olubuto okwekenneenya obukuumi n’obulungi bwa Ipamorelin [2]..
Ipamorelin eri mu kirungo kya growth hormone releasing peptides (GHRPs), nga kino kirungo kya pentapeptide ekikoleddwa mu ngeri ey’ekikugu ekisobola okusitula okufulumya obusimu bw’okukula okuva mu hypothalamus ne pituitary gland. Obusimu obukula bukola kinene mu kukula kw’omubiri, okuddaabiriza, n’okukyusakyusa mu mubiri, kale omulimu gwa Ipamorelin mu kulungamya obusimu bw’okukula nagwo gusikiriza abantu bangi [3]..
Olw’omugaso gwayo oguyinza okubaawo mu kujjanjaba okulwawo okuva mu lubuto, ileus oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa, n’omulimu gwayo nga peptide efulumya obusimu bw’okukula, Ipamorelin esikiriza okunoonyereza okunene.
Enkola ya Ipamorelin ekola ki?
1. Okusitula okufulumya obusimu bw’okukula:
Ipamorelin eri mu bitundu ebifulumya obusimu obukula (GHRPs), ebiyinza okusitula okufulumya obusimu obukula okuva mu hypothalamus ne pituitary gland. Okugezesa mu vitro ne in vivo, Ipamorelin eraga amaanyi mangi n’obulungi mu kufulumya obusimu bw’okukula. Okugeza, mu kunoonyereza, amaanyi n’obulungi bwa Ipamorelin mu kufulumya obusimu bw’okukula okuva mu butoffaali bw’envunza obusookerwako obw’envunza byali bifaanagana n’ebya GHRP-6 [3] . Enkola yaayo ey’okukola kwe kusitula okufulumya obusimu bw’okukula nga ekola ku bikwata ebiringa GHRP. Okuyita mu kwekenneenya eddagala, kikakasiddwa nti okufaananako GHRP-6, Ipamorelin asitula okufulumya obusimu obukula okuyita mu bikwata ebiringa GHRP.
2. Ebikosa enkola y’olubuto n’ekyenda
Okwanguya okufulumya amazzi mu lubuto:
Mu bikolwa by’ebiwuka, Ipamorelin esobola okwanguya okufulumya amazzi mu lubuto. Okulongoosa olubuto kivaako okulwawo okufulumya amazzi mu lubuto, naye oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa Ipamorelin (0.014 μmol/kg mu misuwa), okufulumya amazzi mu lubuto kwanguyirwa nnyo. Ipamorelin esitula okukonziba kw’olubuto n’okwanguyiza okufulumya amazzi mu lubuto ng’eyita mu nkola etabaganyizibwa okukola kw’ekirungo kya ghrelin, ekizingiramu obusimu obusikiriza obuyitibwa cholinergic excitatory neurons (Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, 2012).
Okulongoosa obubonero bw’obulwadde bwa ileus oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa:
Mu bikolwa by’ebiwuka eby’obulwadde bwa ileus oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa, Ipamorelin eyinza okulongoosa obubonero. Oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa Ipamorelin oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa, ddoozi emu eya Ipamorelin (1mg/kg) oba GHRP-6 (20μg/kg) esobola okukendeeza ku budde okutuuka ku kusooka okufulumya omusulo. Okuddamu okukozesa Ipamorelin (0.1 oba 1mg/kg) kiyinza okwongera nnyo ku musulo ogukuŋŋaanyiziddwa, emmere gye balya, n’okugejja [4]..
3. Ebikosa okufulumya insulini
Ipamorelin esobola okusitula okufulumya insulini mu bitundutundu by’ebitundu by’olubuto eby’envunza eza bulijjo n’eza ssukaali. Okweyongera kw’okufulumya insulini okuleetebwa Ipamorelin kuyinza okuziyizibwa ennyo diltiazem, yohimbine, propranolol, oba okugatta atropine, propranolol, ne yohimbine. Mu nvunza ezirina ssukaali, atropine esobola okukendeeza ennyo ku kufulumya insulini okuleetebwa Ipamorelin, naye ekikolwa kino tekirabibwa mu nvunza eza bulijjo. Kino kiraga nti Ipamorelin asitula okufulumya insulini okuyita mu mukutu gwa calcium n’amakubo agakwata adrenergic [5]..
4. Okukendeeza ku bulumi
Mu bikolwa eby’okugezesa eby’obuzibu bw’omubiri obutazimba n’obusimu obuyitibwa somatic mechanical allodynia, Ipamorelin, nga peripherally restricted ghrelin receptor agonist, esobola okukendeeza ennyo ku colonic hypersensitivity ne somatic allodynia. Enkola yaayo ey’okukola etabaganyizibwa ekirungo ekikwata ghrelin, era ekikolwa kino eky’okuziyiza obuwuka kiyinza okuziyizibwa ekiziyiza ekikwata ghrelin H0900 [6]..
Alaba ekikolwa kya ipamorelin ku kufulumya insulini okuva mu bitundutundu by’ebitundu by’olubuto eby’envunza eza bulijjo n’eza ssukaali.
Ensibuko:PubMed [5] .
Biki ebikozesebwa mu kukozesa eddagala lya Ipamorelin?
1. Okutumbula okufulumya obusimu bw’okukula
Ipamorelin esobola okusitula okufulumya obusimu obukula okuva mu hypothalamus ne pituitary gland. Obusimu obukula bukola kinene mu mubiri gw’omuntu, omuli okutumbula okukola obutoffaali, okukula kw’obutoffaali, n’okuddaabiriza ebitundu by’omubiri. N’olwekyo, Ipamorelin asobola okukozesebwa okujjanjaba obutaba na busimu bwa kukula oba endwadde endala ezikwatagana n’obutakola bulungi mu busimu bw’okukula [7]..
2. Okulongoosa enkola y’omu lubuto n’ekyenda
Okwanguya okufulumya amazzi mu lubuto:
Mu bikolwa by’ebiwuka, Ipamorelin eyanguya okufulumya eby’omu lubuto mu bikolwa by’ekirungo kya ileus oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa okuyita mu nkola etabaganyizibwa okukola kw’obusimu obukula obufulumya peptide receptor, nga kuzingiramu obusimu obusitula cholinergic [1] . Okulongoosa olubuto kivaako okulwawo okufulumya amazzi mu lubuto, era okuweebwa eddagala lya Ipamorelin kiyinza okukendeeza ennyo ku kitundu ky’emmere esigadde mu lubuto, bwe kityo ne kitereeza entambula y’olubuto.
Okutumbula obulwadde bw’olubuto n’ekyenda:
Mu bikolwa by’ebiwuka eby’obulwadde bwa ileus oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa, Ipamorelin eyinza okulongoosa obubonero bw’abalwadde. Okugeza, mu nkola y’envunza, Ipamorelin esobola okukendeeza ku budde bw’okusooka okufulumya omusulo oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa, okwongera ku musulo ogufuluma, okulya emmere, n’okugejja [4] . Okuddiŋŋana okukozesa Ipamorelin kiyinza okwongera ennyo ku musulo ogukuŋŋaanyiziddwa, emmere gye balya, n’okugejja, ekiraga nti ekola bulungi mu kulungamya enkola y’olubuto n’ekyenda.
3. Okumalawo obulumi
Okumalawo obulumi mu bitundu by’omubiri n’omubiri:
Okunoonyereza kulaga nti Ipamorelin, ng’ekirungo ekifulumya obusimu bw’okukula ekifulumya peptide receptor agonist, erina obusobozi obuziyiza obuwuka obuleeta endwadde. Mu bikolwa eby’okugezesa ebitaliiko kuzimba kwa bitundu by’ekyenda ekinene, Ipamorelin esobola okukendeeza ennyo ku buzibu bw’ebitundu by’omubiri ebitali bizimba n’obusimu obuyitibwa somatic mechanical allodynia [6]..
Enkola yaayo ey’okukola eyinza okuba nga etabaganyizibwa ekirungo ekifulumya obusimu bw’okukula ekifulumya peptide receptor, okwetaba mu kulungamya okuwulikika ennyo mu bitundu by’omubiri n’omubiri, nga kiwa enkola empya eyinza okujjanjaba obulumi obw’amaanyi obw’omu bitundu by’omubiri n’obw’omubiri.
Kiki ekigenda mu maaso mu kunoonyereza ku Ipamorelin mu kujjanjaba obutaba na busimu bw’okukula?
Obutabeera na busimu bw’okukula bulwadde obuva ku busimu obukula obutafulumya kimala okuva mu nseke y’omu maaso (anterior pituitary gland), ekiyinza okukosa enkula n’enkula y’abaana n’enkyukakyuka y’omubiri gw’abantu abakulu. Mu myaka egiyise, Ipamorelin, ng’ekirungo ekifulumya obusimu bw’okukula, kifunye okufaayo okunene mu kujjanjaba obutaba na busimu bw’okukula. Wammanga ye nkulaakulana y’okunoonyereza ekwatagana ku Ipamorelin mu kujjanjaba obutaba na busimu bw’okukula.
1. Enkola y’okusitula eya Ipamorelin ku kufulumya obusimu bw’okukula
Ipamorelin asobola okusitula okufulumya obusimu bw’okukula. Okunoonyereza kulaga nti Ipamorelin esobola okukola mu ngeri ey’okukwatagana n’obusimu obufulumya obusimu obukula (GHRH) okutumbula okufulumya obusimu obukula [8] . Mu kugezesa ebisolo, oluvannyuma lw’ennaku 21 ez’obujjanjabi obutawona ne Ipamorelin mu nvunza enkazi ento, bw’ogeraageranya n’ekibinja ekifuga, okufuluma kw’obusimu obukula mu basal mu buwangwa bwa monolayer obw’obutoffaali bwa pituitary kweyongera. Mu kiseera kye kimu, Ipamorelin ne GHRH zisobola okusitula okufulumya obusimu obukula okuva mu butoffaali bwa pituitary obukuziddwa mu vitro. Wabula mu kibinja kya GHRH nga tebannaba kujjanjabwa, okuddamu kw’obusimu bw’okukula obuddirira ku kusikirizibwa tekyanywezeddwa, ate mu kibinja ekya Ipamorelin nga tebannaba kujjanjabwa, tewaaliwo kintu ng’ekyo eky’okukendeeza ku busimu, ekiraga nti Ipamorelin teviirako kukendeeza ku busimu bw’okukula mu nvunza ento enkazi [8]..
2. Enkola ya Ipamorelin ku kugejja
Okuweebwa Ipamorelin okumala ebbanga eddene kisobola bulungi okwongera ku buzito bw’envunza enkazi ento. Okulondoola buli lunaku kulaga nti ebitundu ku kikumi eby’okugejja mu kibinja ekyasooka okujjanjabwa Ipamorelin n’ekibinja ekyasooka okujjanjabwa GHRH biri waggulu okusinga mu kibinja ekifuga [8] . Kino kikwatagana n’okuba nti Ipamorelin ayamba okufulumya obusimu bw’okukula, nga kino nakyo kitumbula okukola puloteyina n’okukula kw’obutoffaali.
3. Enkola ya Ipamorelin ku kukola amagumba
Mu nkola y’envunza enkuze, kizuuliddwa nti ekirungo ekifulumya obusimu bw’okukula ekya Ipamorelin kisobola okuziyiza ebikolwa bya katabolic ebya glucocorticoids (GC) ku binywa by’amagumba n’amagumba. Bw’ogeraageranya n’ekibinja ekyafukibwa GC yokka, mu bisolo ebyafukibwa GC ne Ipamorelin byombi, okusika omuguwa okusinga obunene okwa tetanic mu binywa by’ennyana kweyongera nnyo, era omuwendo gw’okutondebwa kw’amagumba g’omu lubuto gweyongera emirundi ena [8, 9] . Kino kiraga nti Ipamorelin erina akakwate akalungi ku kukuuma amaanyi g’ebinywa n’okutumbula okutondebwa kw’amagumba, era eyinza okuyamba okuziyiza ebizibu ng’okuzimba amagumba mu balwadde ababulwa obusimu bw’okukula.
4. Enkola ya Ipamorelin ku nkola y’olubuto n’ekyenda
Nga selective growth hormone-releasing hormone agonist ne growth hormone-releasing peptide receptor agonist, Ipamorelin yalaga obulungi bw’obujjanjabi mu model y’ebibe ey’okusannyalala kw’ekyenda oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa. Okuweebwa omulundi gumu Ipamorelin oba growth hormone-releasing peptide (GHRP)-6 kyakendeeza ku budde okutuuka ku kyenda ekisooka oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa, naye tekyalina kye kyakola ku musulo ogukuŋŋaanyiziddwa, okulya emmere, oba okugejja. Ipamorelin ayongera ku musulo ogukuŋŋaanyizibwa, emmere gye balya, n’okugejja. Kino kiraga nti Ipamorelin eyinza okuba n’omulimu ogumu mu kulongoosa enkola y’olubuto era eyinza okuyamba okulongoosa enkola y’okugaaya emmere n’okunyiga mu balwadde abalina obuzibu bw’obusimu bw’okukula. [4] ..
Mu bufunze, ng’ekirungo ekilonda okufulumya obusimu bw’okukula, Ipamorelin esitula bulungi okufulumya obusimu bw’okukula ng’ekola ekirungo ekifulumya obusimu bw’okukula ekya peptide receptor (GHS receptor), awatali kukosa nnyo miwendo gya adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) ne cortisol. Emirimu gyayo mulimu okutumbula okufulumya obusimu obukula, okulung’amya entambula y’olubuto n’okukendeeza ku bulumi. Okulonda kwayo okw’amaanyi n’engeri z’ebigendererwa bingi biwa obusobozi bw’okukozesa mu bujjanjabi, ekigifuula esaanira okukozesebwa mu mbeera ng’obutaba na busimu bw’okukula, okuzibikira kw’ekyenda oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa, n’okuddukanya obulumi.
Ebikwata ku Muwandiisi
Ebintu ebyogeddwako waggulu byonna binoonyerezeddwako, birongooseddwa era ne bikung’aanyizibwa kkampuni ya Cocer Peptides.
Omuwandiisi wa Scientific Journal
Raun K munoonyereza akwatagana ne Technical University of Denmark (DTU) ne Novo Nordisk Foundation. Okunoonyereza kwe kukwata ku bintu ebitali bimu, omuli Endocrinology & Metabolism, Orthopaedics, Nutrition & Dietetics, Veterinary Sciences, neEngineering. Omulimu gwe gutera okussa essira ku kukulaakulanya eby’okugonjoola ebizibu ebiwangaala era ebiyiiya naddala mu mbeera ya tekinologiya w’ebiramu n’ebyenfuna ebisinziira ku biramu.
Raun K abadde ayambako mu pulojekiti ezikwata ku Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability ku DTU, eyeewaddeyo okutumbula dizayini y’amakolero g’obutoffaali, yinginiya w’enkyukakyuka y’emmere, n’ebiramu eby’obutonde okusobola okukola ebiramu mu ngeri ey’omulembe. Okugatta ku ekyo, abadde yeenyigira mu nteekateeka z’okunoonyereza ezigendereddwamu okukendeeza okwesigama ku bintu ebiva mu bifo eby’edda n’okutumbula enkyukakyuka za kiragala ng’ayita mu bikozesebwa mu kukola ebiramu.
Omulimu gwe era gukwata ku nkola ya yinginiya, gamba ng’okukola ebirungo ebiziyiza (catalysts) n’enkola z’ebiramu (bioprocesses) okusobola okuyimirizaawo amakolero n’obutonde bw’ensi. Enkola ya Raun K ey’okugatta eby’emikono ekwataganya okunoonyereza kwa ssaayansi n’okukozesebwa mu nkola, n’ekola kinene mu by’ensoma n’amakolero. Raun K awandiikiddwa mu kiwandiiko ekijuliziddwa mu kiwandiiko ekijuliziddwa [3].
