Cocer Peptides ye 
ŋlɔe ɣleti 1 enye sia
NYATAKAKAWO KPLE NUSIWO WOTSƆ ƑE NYATAKAKA SIWO KAtã WOÐO LE NYATAKAKADZRAÐOƑE SIA ME LA KPLE NYATAKAKAWO kaka KPLEE NUFIAFIA ƑE TAÐOÐOWO KO.
Wotrɔ asi le atike siwo wona le nyatakakadzraɖoƒe sia ŋu na numekuku le vitro ɖeɖeko. Wowɔa numekuku le vitro (Latingbe me: *le ahuhɔ̃e me*, si gɔmee nye le ahuhɔ̃e me) le amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã godo. Atike siawo menye atikewo o, United States ƒe Nuɖuɖu Kple Atike Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (FDA) meda asi ɖe wo dzi o, eye mele be woazã wo atsɔ axe mɔ ɖe atikewɔwɔ, dɔléle, alo dɔléle aɖeke nu, adae, alo adae o. Se de se vevie be woatsɔ atike siawo ade amegbetɔ alo lãwo ƒe ŋutilã me le mɔ ɖesiaɖe nu.
Kpɔɖeŋu bliboa
Tso esime woke ɖe ghrelin ŋu le ƒe 1999 me la, eva zu numekuku ƒe teƒe vevi aɖe le agbeŋutinunya me le eƒe ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ tɔxɛwo kple nugbagbewo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi gbadzawo ta. Ghrelin wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le tsitsi ƒe lãmetsi (GH) ƒe dodo dzi kpɔkpɔ me eye wòkpɔa gome le ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ vevi geɖewo hã me, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ŋusẽ ƒe dadasɔ, nuɖuɖudzroame ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ, dɔgbo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, dzitodzitowo ƒe homeostasis, kple ahɔhɔ̃mekawo takpɔkpɔ.
Nɔnɔmetata 1 Ghrelin lãmetsi si le eƒe nɔnɔme si mewɔa dɔ o (desacyl ghrelin) trɔna zua eƒe nɔnɔme si wɔa dɔ (acyl ghrelin).
Ghrelin ƒe Dɔwɔɖoɖo Kple Eƒe Mama
(1) Dɔwɔɖoɖo
Atikewo ƒe wɔwɔme: Ghrelin nye polypeptide si me amino acid 28 le, eye eƒe wɔwɔme vevitɔ ɖea takpɔkpɔ gã aɖe fiana le lã ƒomevi vovovowo me. Le amegbetɔwo me la, ghrelin ƒe amino acid ƒe ɖoɖoe nye GSSFLSPEHQRVQQRKESKKPPAKLQPR. Eƒe nɔnɔme tɔxɛe nye octanoylation ƒe tɔtrɔ ɖe serine ƒe nugbagbevi si susɔ ŋu le teƒe 3, si le vevie ŋutɔ na ghrelin ƒe kadodo kple tsitsi ƒe lãmetsiŋusẽ si ɖea lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe xɔla (GHS-R) kple eƒe nugbagbeŋusẽ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ.
Isomers: Tsɔ kpe ɖe Ghrelin si wotsɔ octanoylated wɔe si wonya nyuie ŋu la, Ghrelin si me deacetylated kple isomer bubuwo hã li. Togbɔ be deacetylated Ghrelin mekpɔa octanoylation ƒe tɔtrɔ o eye ŋutete mele esi be wòabla ɖe GHS-R ŋu kple lɔlɔ̃nu gã aɖeke o hã la, numekukuwo ɖee fia be ate ŋu awɔ nugbagbewo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi to xɔla alo mɔnu bubu siwo womenya o dzi.
(2) Nuwo mama
Lãmetsiwo ƒe mama: Lãmenugbagbevi siwo ɖea acid ɖa le dɔgboa ƒe lãkusiwo me koŋue wɔa ghrelin heɖenɛ ɖe go eye wòɖenɛ fiana le lãmeka kple ŋutinu geɖe hã me, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye dɔgbo sue, dɔgbo, hypothalamus, kple dɔgbo si me ʋu sina tona. Le dɔgboa me la, ghrelin ƒe ɖeɖefia dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna vivivi tso dɔgbo me yia dɔgbo suea me. Le lãmeka siwo le titina me la, ghrelin dzena le nuto siwo le abe arcuate nucleus kple paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus ene me ŋutɔ, siwo do ƒome kplikplikpli kple nuɖuɖudzroame ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ, ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ, kple ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ.
Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe teƒeteƒewo nɔnɔ: Le dɔgboa me la, Ghrelin dzena le dɔgboa ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo me koŋ, siwo ate ŋu ade dzesi nunyiame ƒe nɔnɔme le dɔgboa me eye wòaɖo dzesiwo ɖe titina lãmekawo to Ghrelin ƒe dodo me. Le lãkusi si me ʋu sina tona me la, Ghrelin ate ŋu awɔ dɔ ɖe tsitsi ƒe lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo dzi tẽ be wòaɖɔ tsitsi ƒe lãmetsi ƒe dodo ɖo.
Mɔnu si dzi Tsitsi ƒe Lãmetsiŋusẽ si Ðea Peptide Ðe Go Wɔna
(1) Babla ɖe Nusiwo Xɔa Nu Ŋu
GHS-R-tome dzesimɔ: Ghrelin ƒe nugbagbeŋusẽ ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi vevitɔwo toa kadodo kple tsitsime lãmetsiŋusẽ-si ɖea lãmetsiŋusẽ xɔla 1a (GHS-R1a) me. GHS-R1a nye G protein-coupled receptor si kaka ɖe pituitary gland, hypothalamus, kple lãkusi bubuwo me. Ne ghrelin bla ɖe GHS-R1a ŋu la, enaa G proteinwo wɔa dɔ, eye esia hã naa phospholipase C (PLC)-inositol trisphosphate (IP3)-calcium ion (Ca⊃2;+) ƒe dzesimɔa wɔa dɔ, si wɔnɛ be Ca⊃2;+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le lãmenugbagbeviwo me dzina ɖe edzi eye mlɔeba la, edoa tsitsi ƒe lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ eye wòɖɔa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ bubuwo ɖo dɔwɔwɔwo.
Mɔnu siwo menye GHS-R-tomemɔwo o: Tsɔ kpe ɖe GHS-R1a ŋu la, numekukuwo ɖee fia be ghrelin ate ŋu awɔ dɔ le nugbagbewo me hã to kadodo kple lãmenugbagbevi bubuwo alo lãkusi me proteinwo me.
Nɔnɔmetata 2 Ghrelin wɔa eƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo le hypothalamus me to mɔ vovovo etɔ̃ dzi.
(2) Domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe ɖeɖefia dzi kpɔkpɔ
Domenyiŋusẽfianu siwo do ƒome kple hypothalamic-pituitary axis: Ghrelin ate ŋu aɖɔ domenyiŋusẽfianu geɖe ƒe ɖeɖefia le hypothalamic-pituitary axis me ɖo. Le pituitary ƒe ɖoɖo nu la, ghrelin ate ŋu adzi tsitsimeŋusẽ ƒe domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ ɖe edzi, si ana tsitsimeŋusẽ ƒe wɔwɔme kple eƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ. Le hypothalamus me la, ghrelin ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe tsitsi ƒe lãmetsi si ɖea lãme na ame (GHRH) kple somatostatin (SS) ƒe ɖeɖefia dzi, eye wòaɖɔ tsitsi ƒe lãmetsi ƒe dodo ɖo le mɔ si mele tẽ o nu to asitɔtrɔ le GHRH kple SS ƒe dodo ŋu me. Etɔxɛe la, ghrelin ate ŋu aʋã GHRH ƒe dodo esime wòle mɔ xem na SS ƒe dodo, si ana tsitsime lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ le ɖekawɔwɔ me.
Domenyiŋusẽfianu siwo do ƒome kple ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ: Le ami ƒe lãkusi kple aklã me la, ghrelin ɖɔa domenyiŋusẽfianu siwo do ƒome kple ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ ƒe ɖeɖefia ɖo. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, ghrelin ate ŋu ana peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ƒe ɖeɖefia nadzi ɖe edzi, si ana adipocyte ƒe vovototodedeameme kple lipogenesis nado; le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me la, le aklã me la, ghrelin ɖɔa domenyiŋusẽfianu siwo do ƒome kple suklidɔ ƒe dzɔdzɔ ƒe ɖeɖefia dzi, si kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe sukli ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ le ʋu me ƒe homeostasis dzi.
Peptide si ɖea tsitsi ƒe lãmetsiwo ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe ŋutilã dzi
(1) Tsitsi ƒe lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ
Dɔwɔwɔ tẽ ɖe lãkusi ŋu: Ghrelin nye tsitsi ƒe lãmetsiŋusẽ si ɖea asi le tsitsi ƒe lãmetsiŋusẽ ŋu si wɔa dɔ ɖe tsitsi ƒe lãmetsi ƒe lãmenugbagbevi siwo le ŋgɔgbe lãkusi me dzi tẽ, si doa tsitsi ƒe lãmetsi ƒe wɔwɔme kple eƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ to dzesimɔ si GHS-R1a doa mɔe dzi. Ne wotsɔ ghrelin sɔ kple tsitsime lãmetsiŋusẽ (GHRH) la, eʋãa tsitsime lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe dodo kabakaba wu, eye evea siaa wɔa dɔ aduadu. Le ŋutilã ƒe nɔnɔmewo me la, ghrelin, GHRH, kple somatostatin wɔa ɖeka ɖɔa tsitsi ƒe lãmetsi ƒe dodo le ʋuʋudedi me, si wɔnɛ be tsitsi ƒe lãmetsi ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si sɔ la nɔa anyi.
Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe tsitsi dzi: Tsitsi ƒe lãmetsi wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le ŋutilã ƒe tsitsi kple tsitsi dodo ɖe ŋgɔ me. Ghrelin kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe tsitsi dzi le mɔ si mele tẽ o nu to tsitsi ƒe lãmetsi ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ me. Le ɖevimenɔɣi kple ƒewuiwo me la, Ghrelin ƒe dodo le mɔ nyuitɔ nu le vevie ŋutɔ na dɔwɔwɔwo abe ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe tsitsi kple lãmekawo ƒe tsitsi ene. Le dɔnɔ siwo ƒe tsitsime lãmetsiŋusẽ mele o gome la, zi geɖe la, ghrelin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si dona le lãme na ame la mebɔna o. Ghrelin alo eƒe kpeɖeŋutɔwo dodo ɖe gota ate ŋu ana tsitsime lãmetsiŋusẽ nadzi ɖe edzi nyuie eye wòado tsitsi kple tsitsi ɖe ŋgɔ.
(2) Ŋusẽ ƒe Tɔtrɔ ƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ
Nuɖuɖudzroame ƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ: Ghrelin, si woyɔna be 'dɔwuame ƒe lãmetsi,' nye dzesi molecule vevi aɖe si ɖɔa nuɖuɖudzroame ɖo. Le hypothalamus ƒe nucleus si le abe aɖaka ene me la, ghrelin blana ɖe GHS-R1a xɔlawo ŋu le neuropeptide Y (NPY)/agouti-related protein (AgRP) ahɔhɔ̃mekawo dzi, si wɔnɛ be NPY kple AgRP dona, si wɔnɛ be nuɖuɖu ƒe dzodzro dzina ɖe edzi eye wòdoa nuɖuɖu ɖuɖu ɖe ŋgɔ. Ghrelin kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe nuɖuɖudzroame hã dzi le mɔ si mele tẽ o nu to corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) ahɔhɔ̃meka siwo le hypothalamus ƒe paraventricular nucleus me ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ me. Le nutsitsidɔ me la, ghrelin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzina ɖe edzi, si hea dɔwuame vɛ; le nuɖuɖu vɔ megbe la, ghrelin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna kabakaba, si wɔnɛ be wòsena le eɖokui me be yeɖi ƒo.
Ŋusẽ ƒe dadasɔ ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ: Ghrelin hã kpɔa gome le ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ le lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ me, si wɔnɛ be ŋutilãa ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe dadasɔ nɔa anyi. Ghrelin doa lipolysis ɖe ŋgɔ, enaa ami ƒe oxidation dzina ɖe edzi, eye wòdoa ŋusẽ ŋutilãa ƒe ŋusẽ. Ghrelin xea mɔ na insulin ƒe dodo, eɖea sukli ƒe xɔxlɔ̃ kple eŋudɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔtɔna, eye wònaa sukli ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ le ʋu me dzina ɖe edzi, si naa ŋusẽtsoƒe bubuwo ŋutilãa. Ghrelin ƒe ɖeɖefia fũ atraɖii ate ŋu ana ŋusẽ nanɔ ame ŋu fũ akpa, ami naƒo ƒu, eye emegbe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe kuxiwo abe lolo akpa ene nadze ame dzi.
(3) Ŋusẽ si wòkpɔna ɖe dɔgboa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi
Dɔgbo me acid ƒe dodo kple dɔgbo ƒe ʋuʋu: Le dɔgboa me la, ghrelin wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le ɖoɖowɔwɔ me le dɔgboa ƒe acid ƒe dodo kple dɔgbo ƒe ʋuʋu me. Ghrelin ʋãa dɔgboa ƒe lãkusi ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo be woaɖe dɔgboa me acid ɖa, si naa acid ƒe nɔnɔme si le dɔgboa me, si kpena ɖe nuɖuɖu ƒe ɖuɖu kple eƒe xɔxlɔ̃ ŋu. Ghrelin doa dɔgbo ƒe ƒunukpeƒetetedɔ ɖe ŋgɔ, si naa ʋuʋudedi ƒe ʋuʋu le dɔgboa me nyona ɖe edzi eye wònana nuɖuɖu ƒua tsi kabakaba tso dɔgbo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me. Le dɔgbo ƒe dɔléle aɖewo abe dɔgbo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie kple dɔgbo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie ene me la, Ghrelin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si mesɔ o ate ŋu ana dɔgboa ƒe acid ƒe dodo kple dɔgboa ƒe ʋuʋu natɔtɔ.
Dɔgbo ƒe Ʋukawo Takpɔkpɔ: Ghrelin kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe dɔgbo ƒe ʋukawo ta. Edoa dɔgbo ƒe ʋuka me lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzidziɖedzi kple wo dzadzraɖo ɖe ŋgɔ, enaa ʋumenugbagbeviɣi ƒe mɔxenu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyona ɖe edzi, eye wòkpɔa ame ta tso nusiwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu abe dɔgbo ƒe acid kple Helicobacter pylori ene ƒe nugbegblẽ me. Le dɔléle ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo abe dɔgbo me abi kple dɔgbo me abi ene me la, ghrelin dodo le gota nana abi ƒe dɔyɔyɔ kabakaba eye wòɖea alesi gbegbe lãkusi ƒe gbegblẽ dzi kpɔtɔna.
(4) Dzitodzito me ʋukawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ
Dzi ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ: Ghrelin dzena le dzia me ŋutɔ eye wòwɔa akpa vevi aɖe le dzia ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ me. Ghrelin nana dzitodzito ƒe ʋuʋu nyona ɖe edzi, dzia ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzina ɖe edzi, eye wònaa dzitodzito ƒe pɔmpi ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyona ɖe edzi. Le dzitodzito me ʋu ƒe sisi-gbugbɔ ʋu ƒe abixɔxɔ ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo me la, ghrelin ɖea dzitodzito me lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsɔtsrɔ̃ kple woƒe kuku dzi kpɔtɔna, eɖea dzitodzito ƒe lolome dzi kpɔtɔna, eye wòkpɔa dzitodzito ta. Eƒe dɔwɔwɔ ate ŋu ado ƒome kple lãmenugbagbeviwo me agbetsitsi ƒe dzesimɔwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, abe phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) dzesimɔ ene.
Ʋukawo ƒe Teteɖeanyi Dzi Kpɔkpɔ: Ghrelin ɖɔa ʋukawo ƒe tete ɖo eye wònana ʋu ƒe sisi nɔa te. Ewɔa dɔ ɖe ʋuka me lãmeka siwo le gbadzaa ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo dzi be wòaxe mɔ ɖe ʋuka siwo xea mɔ na ʋukawo abe angiotensin II ene ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi nu, si wɔnɛ be ʋukawo kekena, eɖea ʋuka siwo le gota ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete dzi kpɔtɔna, eye wòtoa esia me ɖea ʋu ƒe sisi dzi kpɔtɔna. Ghrelin xea mɔ na ʋukawo me lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ƒoƒo ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu ƒe moleculewo ƒe ɖeɖefia hã, eɖea lãmenugbagbevi siwo naa dɔdzẽ ƒe ƒoƒo ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu kple woƒe gege ɖe wo me dzi kpɔtɔna, ewɔa ʋukawo takpɔnu, eye wòxea mɔ na ʋukawo ƒe ʋuʋu.
(5) Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo takpɔkpɔ ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi
Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe agbetsitsi kple woƒe dzidziɖedzi: Le lãmekawo me la, ghrelin kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ta. Edoa ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dzidziɖedzi kple vovototodedeameme ɖe ŋgɔ, enaa ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe xexlẽme dzina ɖe edzi, eye wònana lãmekawo ƒe tsitsi kple dɔwɔwɔ nyuie nɔa anyi. Le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie abe Alzheimer ƒe dɔléle kple Parkinson ƒe dɔléle ene ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo me la, ghrelin ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe tsɔtsrɔ̃ nu, aɖe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi akpɔtɔ, eye wòana susu kple lãmekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi. Eƒe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo takpɔkpɔ ƒe mɔnuwo ate ŋu ado ƒome kple lãmenugbagbeviwo me oxidative stress ƒe ŋuɖoɖowo dzi kpɔkpɔ, apoptosis ƒe dzesimɔwo ƒe mɔxexe, kple ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ.
Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe Dɔwɔɖoɖo: Abe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ ƒe akpa ene la, Ghrelin kpɔa gome le hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ me. Le nuteɖeamedzi ƒe nɔnɔmewo me la, ghrelin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si dzi ɖe edzi xea mɔ na HPA axis ƒe dɔwɔwɔ fũ akpa, si ɖea corticosteroid ƒe dodo dzi kpɔtɔna eye wòtoa esia me ɖea nusiwo nuteɖeamedzi hena vɛ na ŋutilãa dzi kpɔtɔna. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, ghrelin ɖɔa hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (HPT axis) kple hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis (HPG axis) ɖo, eye wòléa ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe homeostasis me ɖe asi.
(6) Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi bubuwo
Dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ: Ghrelin hã wɔa akpa aɖe le dɔlélenutsiŋutete me. Ate ŋu aɖɔ dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖo, ado ʋumenugbagbevi dzĩwo ƒe dzidziɖedzi kple vovototodedeameme ɖe ŋgɔ, eye wòana ŋutilãa ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe ŋutete nadzi ɖe edzi. Le dɔdzẽ ƒe nɔnɔmewo me la, ghrelin ate ŋu axe mɔ na dɔdzẽ ƒe cytokines, abe tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) kple interleukin-6 (IL-6) ƒe dodo, si ana dɔdzẽ ƒe ŋuɖoɖowo dzi naɖe akpɔtɔ eye wòawɔ dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple dɔlékuiwutike ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo.
Ƒuwo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ: Ghrelin kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ƒuwo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi le ɖoɖowɔwɔ me. Edoa ƒumeŋuɖuiwo ƒe dzidziɖedzi kple vovototodedeameme ɖe ŋgɔ, exea mɔ na ƒumeŋuɖuiwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, si wɔnɛ be ƒu ƒe lolome dzina ɖe edzi eye wòdoa ƒu ƒe wɔwɔme ɖe ŋgɔ. Le dɔnɔ siwo ŋu ƒumeŋuɖui le gome la, zi geɖe la, ghrelin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna, si fia be ghrelin ate ŋu ado ƒome kple ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe dzɔdzɔ. Ghrelin alo eƒe kpeɖeŋutɔwo dodo le gota ate ŋu ana woakpɔ ƒumeŋuɖui ƒe atikewɔwɔmɔnu yeyewo.
Peptide si Ðea Tsitsi ƒe Lãmetsiŋusẽ Ŋu Zazã
(1) Dɔdamɔnu Siwo Wozãna le Atikewɔwɔ Me
Tsitsi ƒe Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe Dɔmawɔmawɔ: Le dɔnɔ siwo ƒe tsitsime lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ gome la, Ghrelin kple eƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ ate ŋu anye atikewɔmɔnu. To tsitsi ƒe lãmetsi ƒe dodo me la, wodoa tsitsi kple tsitsi ɖe ŋgɔ le dɔnɔwo me. Ne wotsɔe sɔ kple atike si wozãna tsɔ ɖɔlia tsitsimeŋusẽ si wozãna tsã la, Ghrelin kple eƒe kpeɖeŋutɔwo naa dedienɔnɔ kple mɔɖeɖe ɖe nu ŋu nyuie wu, eye ate ŋu ado tsitsi ɖe ŋgɔ le mɔ si sɔ wu le ŋutilã me nu to tsitsimeŋusẽ si le lãmenugbagbeviwo me ƒe dodo dzi kpɔkpɔ me.
Figure 3 Endocrine ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ɖe GH ŋu kple atikewɔwɔ ƒe mɔxexeɖedɔléle nu.
Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe Dɔlélewo
Lolo akpa kple Suklidɔ: Le lolo akpa dada me la, togbɔ be woyɔa Ghrelin be 'dɔwuame ƒe lãmetsi,' si kpɔa Ghrelin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ alo eƒe dzesimɔwo dzi ate ŋu ana ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ nanyo ɖe edzi, aɖe nuɖuɖudzroame dzi akpɔtɔ, eye wòana ame ƒe lolo dzi naɖe akpɔtɔ. Ghrelin ƒe dɔlékuiwutikewo toto vɛ be woaxe mɔ na Ghrelin ƒe kadodo kple xɔlawo ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe nuɖuɖu ƒe dzodzro nu eye wòaɖe nuɖuɖu ɖuɖu dzi akpɔtɔ. Le suklidɔlélawo gome la, Ghrelin ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ nyui ɖe sukli ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ le ʋu me dzi to mɔnuwo abe insulin ƒe dodo dzi kpɔkpɔ kple insulin ƒe dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie wu ene dzi. Ghrelin dodo tso gota nana ʋumesukli ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖuɖu kple insulin ƒe seselelãme nyona ɖe edzi le suklidɔlélawo ƒe sisiblisiwo me, si naa gɔmesese yeyewo sua suklidɔ dada me.
Metabolic syndrome: Metabolic syndrome nye dɔlélewo ƒe hatsotso aɖe si ƒe dzesiwoe nye lolo akpa, ʋusɔgbɔdɔ, suklidɔ, kple ʋumemi ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si mede ame dzi o. Le akpa si wòwɔna le ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ kple dzitodzitowo ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ me ta la, ghrelin ate ŋu ava zu nusi woate ŋu aɖo taɖodzinu na atsɔ ada lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe dɔléle. To ghrelin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ me la, ate ŋu adzɔ be woana lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe dɔléle ƒe dzesi geɖe nanyo ɖe edzi le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me le dɔnɔ siwo ŋu lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe dɔléle le, abe lolo dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ, ʋu ƒe sisi dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ, kple sukli kple ʋumemi ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie ƒe nyonyo ene.
Dɔgbomedɔlélewo:
Functional dyspepsia kple gastroparesis: Le dɔnɔ siwo ŋu functional dyspepsia kple gastroparesis le gome la, ghrelin kple eƒe kpeɖeŋutɔwo ate ŋu ana nuɖuɖumeŋusẽ ƒe dzesiwo nanyo ɖe edzi eye wòana dɔgboa ƒe tsi ƒuƒlu kabakaba to dɔgboa ƒe ʋuʋu kple dɔgbo ƒe acid ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ me. Ghrelin analogues zazã ate ŋu aɖe dzesiwo abe ƒodo ƒe akpa si le etame ƒe vevesese kple ʋuʋudedi dzi akpɔtɔ nyuie le dɔnɔ siwo ŋu dɔlékuiwutikewo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie le ŋu, si ana woƒe agbenɔnɔ nanyo ɖe edzi.
Dɔgbo ƒe abi: Le Ghrelin ƒe ametakpɔkpɔ ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe dɔgbo ƒe ʋukawo dzi ta la, ate ŋu ado abi ƒe dɔyɔyɔ ɖe ŋgɔ eye to esia me la, asixɔxɔ si ate ŋu anɔ eŋu le dɔgbo ƒe abi dada me. Ghrelin alo eƒe kpeɖeŋutɔwo dodo le gota ate ŋu ana abi ɖɔɖɔɖo ƒe ɖoɖoa nawɔ kabakaba eye wòaɖe abi ƒe gbugbɔgadzɔ dzi akpɔtɔ.
Dzitodzito me dɔlélewo:
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: Le dzitodzito me ischemia-reperfusion injury dada me la, Ghrelin, le eƒe dzitodzito takpɔkpɔ ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ta, do ŋugbe be enye atike yeye. Ne wodo Ghrelin alo eƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ do ŋgɔ na dzitodzito me ʋu ƒe sisi-gbugbɔgade ʋuka me alo le ewɔɣi la, ate ŋu aɖe dzitodzito me lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe gbegblẽ dzi akpɔtɔ, aɖe dzitodzito ƒe lolome dzi akpɔtɔ, eye wòana dzitodzito ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi. Lãwo ƒe dodokpɔwo kple dɔdamɔnu dodokpɔwo me tsonu ɖe emetsonu nyuiwo fia, si na mɔnu yeyewo li woatsɔ ada abi si woxɔ le dzitodzito me ʋu ƒe sisi le ʋudodo me.
Dzi ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie: Le dɔnɔ siwo dzidɔ le fu ɖem na gome la, zi geɖe la, Ghrelin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna eye wòsɔna kple dzidɔ ƒe sesẽme. Ghrelin alo eƒe kpeɖeŋutɔwo tsɔtsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu ate ŋu ana dzi ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi le dzidɔlélawo ŋu to dzitodzito ƒe ʋuʋu, dzitodzito ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ nyuie wu, kple dzitodzito me lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsɔtsrɔ̃ nu, si ana dɔnɔwo ƒe agbenɔnɔ kple agbetsitsi ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme nanyo ɖe edzi.
Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe Dɔlélewo:
Alzheimer ƒe Dɔléle kple Parkinson ƒe Dɔléle: Ne míebu Ghrelin ƒe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo takpɔnu ŋu la, asixɔxɔ si ate ŋu azãe le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie abe Alzheimer ƒe dɔléle kple Parkinson ƒe dɔléle ene dada me. To Ghrelin alo eƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ nana me la, ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe tsɔtsrɔ̃ nu, aɖe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi akpɔtɔ, eye wòana dɔnɔwo ƒe susu kple dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi.
Ʋusɔgbɔdɔ Kple Ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe Nuveviwɔame si Me Nuveviwɔame Le: Le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe abixɔxɔ sesẽwo abe ʋusɔgbɔdɔ kple ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe abi si nu sẽ ene me la, Ghrelin ate ŋu awɔ ahɔhɔ̃mekawo takpɔkpɔ ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo to mɔnu siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe gbegblẽ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ kple ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe gbugbɔgadzɔ dodo ɖe ŋgɔ dzi. Numekukuwo ɖee fia be le lãwo ƒe kpɔɖeŋu siwo ku ɖe ʋusɔgbɔdɔ alo ahɔhɔ̃ ƒe abi si nu sẽ ŋu me la, Ghrelin zazã ate ŋu aɖe ʋuka me ʋu ƒe sisi ƒe lolome dzi akpɔtɔ alo aɖe alesi gbegbe ahɔhɔ̃a gblẽe dzi akpɔtɔ, si ana ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi. Ghrelin ate ŋu anye atike kpeɖeŋutɔ na ʋusɔgbɔdɔ kple ahɔhɔ̃ me abi si nu sẽ, si ana dɔnɔwo ƒe gbugbɔgaɖɔɖo me tsonu nanyo ɖe edzi.
Nyataƒoƒo
Abe peptide si le lãmenugbagbeviwo me si wɔa dɔ geɖe ene la, Ghrelin wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ vovovowo me, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye tsitsi kple tsitsi, ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ, dɔgbo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, dzitodzito ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe homeostasis, kple ahɔhɔ̃mekawo takpɔkpɔ.
Dzɔtsoƒewo
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[4] Brahmkhatri V, Prasanna C, Atreya H. Insulin-Abe Tsitsi ƒe Nuɖoɖo le Kansa me: Atikewɔwɔ yeye siwo woɖo taɖodzinu na[J]. Biomed Numekuku Dukɔwo Dome, 2014,2015.DOI: 10.1155/2015/538019.
[5] Strasser F. Ghrelin zazã le atikewɔnyawo me.[J]. Fifia Atikewɔwɔ ƒe Aɖaŋu, 2012,18 31:4800-4812. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID: 7696286 ƒe ɣleti gbãtɔ me.
