Na Cocer Peptides 
1 mahina aku nei
ʻO nā ʻatikala a me nā ʻike huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele pūnaewele wale nō no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻike a me nā kumu hoʻonaʻauao.
ʻO nā huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele i manaʻo wale ʻia no ka noiʻi in vitro. Hana ʻia ka noiʻi in vitro (Latin: *i ke aniani*, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka ipu aniani) ma waho o ke kino kanaka. ʻAʻole kēia mau huahana he lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia e ka US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana, mālama, a hoʻōla paha i kekahi maʻi olakino, maʻi, a i ʻole maʻi. Ua pāpā loa ʻia e ke kānāwai ke hoʻokomo i kēia mau huahana i loko o ke kino kanaka a holoholona paha ma kekahi ʻano.
ʻO Dermorphin kahi peptide opioid ikaika i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka ʻili o kekahi ʻano rana.
ʻO ke ʻano o nā hopena analgesic a Dermorphin
Ka launa pū me nā mea hoʻokipa opioid
Hoʻohana mua ʻo Dermorphin i kāna mau hopena analgesic ma o ka launa pū ʻana me ka μ-opioid receptor (MOP). ʻO ka μ-opioid receptor he lālā koʻikoʻi o ka ʻohana opioid receptor a he hana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻeha. Hiki i ka Dermorphin a me kāna mau mea hoʻohālikelike ke hoʻopaʻa pono i ka mea loaʻa MOP, e like me ke kī i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o kahi laka, a laila hoʻāla i nā ala hōʻailona o lalo. [Cys (ATTO 488) 8] ʻO Dermorphin - NH₂ (DermATTO488), kahi mea hoʻohālikelike hou ʻo Dermorphin fluorescent e pili ana i ka ATTO488, e hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā cell HEK a me CHO e hōʻike ana i nā mea loaʻa MOP kanaka a hōʻike i nā ʻano paʻa like me Dermorphin. Hoʻoulu ia i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka protein G, hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o GTPγ [35S], a laila e hoʻāla ai i ka transduction hōʻailona pili, a i ka hopena ke kāohi i ka lawe ʻana i ka hōʻailona ʻeha. Hoʻoulu pū ʻo Dermorphin i ka phosphorylation ERK1 / 2, e hoʻopiʻi hou i nā kaʻina hana biological intracellular a komo i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hopena analgesic.
Kāohi i ka hoʻouna ʻana i ka hōʻailona ʻeha ma ka pae o ke kuamoʻo
Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hoʻokolohua ʻo Dermorphin i kaohi nui i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā hōʻailona ʻeha ma ka pae o ke kuamoʻo. I loko o nā hoʻokolohua, hoʻoulu ʻia ka infusion intravenous o 0.16 mg / kg Dermorphin i ka piʻi nui a hoʻomau i ka paepae nociceptive flexion reflex i nā mea manawaleʻa olakino, a ua like kēia hopena i nā kumuhana me ka hōʻeha spinal cord piha, e hōʻike ana ʻo Dermorphin ka mea e pale nui ai i ka pae nociceptive ma ka spinal cord. Pili paha kēia ʻano hana i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o Dermorphin i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o ka neurotransmitter i loko o ke kuamoʻo a i ʻole kāna hana pololei i nā neurons spinal cord. ʻO ka spinal cord he hub koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā hōʻailona ʻeha, a ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana o Dermorphin i kāna hana e pale pono i ka lawe ʻana i luna o nā hōʻailona ʻeha i ka lolo, a laila e loaʻa ai nā hopena analgesic.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hana hoʻokipa kū hoʻokahi
ʻOiai hiki i ka naloxone ke kū'ē loa i nā hopena o ka morphine a me ka opioid analogs, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohuli i kahi hapa wale (ma kahi o 50%) i ka hopena inhibitory o Dermorphin ma nā nociceptive spinal reflexes. Hōʻike kēia i ka hui pū ʻana o Dermorphin me nā hui like ʻole o ka spinal opioid receptors i ka wā e hoʻoulu ai i ka analgesia, a ʻokoʻa kona ʻano hana mai nā lāʻau opioid kahiko. Hāʻawi kēia ʻano hana i kekahi mau pono i nā noi analgesic, e like me ka hōʻemi ʻana i nā hopena ʻaoʻao maʻamau e pili ana i nā lāʻau opioid kuʻuna.
Hana analgesic o Dermorphin i nā hoʻokolohua holoholona
Analgesia maikaʻi ma nā ʻano hoʻohālike holoholona
I loko o nā ʻano ʻeha holoholona like ʻole, ua hōʻike ʻo Dermorphin i nā hopena analgesic ikaika. Ma nā hoʻokolohua e like me ka huelo-flick, ka pā wela, ka huelo pine, formalin, a me ka acetic acid writhing tests, intraperitoneal administration o Dermorphin a me kāna mau peptides pili i hoʻemi i ka naʻau o nā holoholona i ka ʻeha a hoʻonui i ko lākou paepae ʻeha. Ua hoʻohālikelike kēia mau hoʻokolohua i ka ʻeha o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻano, e hōʻoia piha ana i nā hiki analgesic o Dermorphin. I ka hoʻāʻo ʻana o ka pā wela, ma hope o ka lawelawe ʻana iā Dermorphin i nā holoholona, ua hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ka manawa latency no ka palu ʻana i ko lākou mau wāwae a lele paha, e hōʻike ana i kahi pane ʻeha nāwaliwali i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka wela, a laila e hōʻike ana i ka hopena analgesic maikaʻi loa o Dermorphin.
ʻO nā pono hoʻohālikelike ma mua o nā lāʻau analgesic ʻē aʻe
Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā lāʻau analgesic kahiko e like me morphine, hōʻike ʻo Dermorphin i nā pono nui i kekahi mau ʻano. I nā hiʻohiʻona holoholona, ma hope o ka hoʻokele intracerebroventricular, ua hōʻike ʻo Dermorphin i nā hopena analgesic koho a potent ma mua o ka morphine, me ka lōʻihi o ka hana. Ua hōʻike pū kekahi mau Dermorphin tetrapepetides i hoʻohui ʻia i ka hana analgesic kiʻekiʻe, me ka mana analgesic ma kahi o 1,500 mau manawa a me 17 mau manawa o ka morphine ma hope o ka intracerebroventricular a i ʻole ka hoʻokele subcutaneous i nā ʻiole. Hāʻawi kēia mau pōmaikaʻi i nā manaʻo hoʻohiki no ka noi ʻana o Dermorphin i ka analgesia, hiki ke hoʻoponopono i nā hemahema o nā lāʻau analgesic kuʻuna, e like me ka lawa ʻole o ka analgesic efficacy a i ʻole ka lōʻihi.
Noiʻi a noiʻi noiʻi o Dermorphin i loko o ke kanaka
Nā hopena o ka hoʻāʻo mua
I ka makahiki 1985, ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hoʻokolohua lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka Dermorphin no ka ʻeha postoperative, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana o Dermorphin ma o ka injection intrathecal ma mua o ka placebo a me ka morphine (hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he hui kuhikuhi) ma ke ʻano o ka analgesic efficacy. Hāʻawi kēia haʻawina ʻāina i nā hōʻike kākoʻo koʻikoʻi no ka noi ʻana o Dermorphin i ka analgesia, e hōʻike ana i kona mana nui i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha postoperative.
Nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi hiki
Hoʻoponopono i ka ʻeha ma hope o ka hana ʻana: Hiki i ka ʻeha o ke kaʻina ke hoʻoulu i ka ʻeha ma hope o ka hana ʻana, e hoʻopilikia nui ana i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana a me ka maikaʻi o ke ola. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka maikaʻi o Dermorphin i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka ʻeha postoperative i nā hoʻokolohua lapaʻau mua e hoʻonoho iā ia ma ke ʻano he koho hou no ka analgesia postoperative. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau postoperative, ʻo kāna ʻano hana kūʻokoʻa o ka hana a me nā pōmaikaʻi-e like me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka pilikia o ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana i ka lāʻau a me ka hilinaʻi ʻana-e hāʻawi i nā mea maʻi i kahi hopena analgesic palekana a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha mau loa: No nā poʻe maʻi me ka ʻeha mau loa, ʻoi aku ka poʻe i pane maikaʻi ʻole i nā lāʻau analgesic kuʻuna a ʻike paha i nā hopena ʻaoʻao koʻikoʻi, hiki ke lawelawe ʻo Dermorphin ma ke ʻano he koho lapaʻau koʻikoʻi. I ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻeha mau i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi, ʻo nā ʻano lapaʻau i kēia manawa he mau palena. ʻO ka puka ʻana o Dermorphin e lawe mai i ka manaʻolana hou i kēia heluna maʻi. Hiki i kāna mau hopena analgesic lōʻihi ke kāohi i ka ʻeha mau i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi a hoʻomaikaʻi i ko lākou ola.
ʻO ka mālama palliative: Ma nā hoʻonohonoho mālama palliative, ʻo ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka ʻeha o nā maʻi ka mea nui. ʻO nā waiwai analgesic ikaika o Dermorphin e lilo ia i moho hoʻohiki no ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka ʻeha hope o ke ola i ka mālama palliative. Ma o nā ʻano hoʻoponopono kūpono a me nā hoʻoponopono hoʻoponopono, hiki ke kōkua i nā mea maʻi e hōʻemi i ka ʻeha a hoʻonui i ka hōʻoluʻolu i ka wā hope o ke ola.
Ka hopena
Ma ke ʻano he mea me kahi hana analgesic kūʻokoʻa a me nā hopena analgesic koʻikoʻi, paʻa ʻo Dermorphin i nā noi hoʻohiki i ke kahua o ka hoʻokele ʻeha.
Nā kumu
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[2] Hesselink J, Schatman M E. ʻIke hou i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kahiko: ka hihia poina o dermorphin no ka ʻeha postoperative a me ka palliation [J]. Nūpepa no ka ʻImi ʻEha, 2018,11:2991-2995.DOI:10.2147/JPR.S186082.
[3] Guzevatykh LS, Voronina TA, Emel'Ianova TG, et al. Ka hoʻohālikelike hoʻohālikelike o nā hana analgesic o dermorphin, [DPro6]-dermorphin, a me kā lākou C-terminal tripeptides [J]. Izv Akad Nauk Ser Biol, 2007 (5): 577-582. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=18038625&query_hl=1
[4] Sandrini G, Degli UE, Salvadori S, et al. Hoʻopili ʻo Dermorphin i ka spinal nociceptive flexion reflex i nā kānaka [J]. ʻImi Loʻo, 1986,371(2):364-367.DOI:10.1016/0006-8993(86)90376-8.
[5] Salvadori S, Marastoni M, Balboni G, et al. Hana ʻia a me ka hana opioid o dermorphin tetrapeptides e lawe ana i ka D-methionine S-oxide ma ke kūlana 2[J]. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1986,29(6):889-894.DOI:10.1021/jm00156a003.
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