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1 khoom (10Vials)
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▎ HCG Structure
Source: PubChem |
IUPAC Condensed: N(1)Cys-Gly-OH.H-Aad(1)-OH Molecular Formula: C 11H 19N 3O 6S Molecular Luj: 321.35g / mol CAS Nr .: 9002-61-3 PubChem CID: 4369448 Synonyms: Chorionic gonadotrophin; CHEMBL1233255 |
▎ Kev Tshawb Fawb HCG
Kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm HCG yog dab tsi?
Tib neeg Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) yog ib qho molecule nrog ntau lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov xwm txheej xws li cev xeeb tub thiab mob qog noj ntshav. Ua ntej, HCG yog ib qho molecule heev. Nws yog cov acidic glycoprotein tshaj plaws thiab muaj cov feem ntau ntawm cov suab thaj. Qhov thib ob, HCG muaj nyob hauv ntau hom, suav nrog HCG li niaj zaus, sulfated HCG, hyperglycosylated HCG, dawb β-HCG, thiab hyperglycosylated dawb β-HCG, thiab lwm yam. [1].
Hais txog kev xeeb tub, HCG yog qhov tseem ceeb rau tib neeg kev coj khaub ncaws thiab tib neeg cev xeeb tub. HCG tsis tu ncua ua lub luag haujlwm txhawb kev tsim cov corpus luteum progesterone thiab tseem muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv trophoblast cell sib txawv thiab khoom noj khoom haus fetal. Piv txwv li, nws paub txog cov khoom noj ntawm tus menyuam hauv plab los ntawm angiogenesis hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm myometrium [1] . Hyperglycosylated HCG kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev xeeb tub thaum ntxov. Nws yog lub ntsiab HCG isoform nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov theem ntawm cev xeeb tub, uas yuav inhibit apoptosis, txhawb cell ntxeem tau, kev loj hlob, thiab malignant transformation, thiab tswj implantation thiab placental kev loj hlob [1].
Hais txog kev mob qog noj ntshav, cov qog nqaij hlav uas tsis yog trophoblastic malignant tsim cov hyperglycosylated dawb β subunit ntawm HCG, uas, raws li ib qho tseem ceeb autocrine, ntxiv txhawb kev loj hlob thiab malignant transformation ntawm cov qog nqaij hlav cancer los ntawm antagonizing apoptosis [1].
Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kuaj pom HCG kuj tseem siv dav hauv kev kho mob, suav nrog kev kuaj cev xeeb tub, saib xyuas qhov tshwm sim ntawm cev xeeb tub, txiav txim siab txog kev pheej hmoo ntawm fetuses nrog Down syndrome, kwv yees preeclampsia, kuaj pituitary HCG, kuaj thiab tswj gestational trophoblastic kab mob, kuaj mob quiescent gestational trophoblastic site kab mob, tswj cov kab mob qog nqaij hlav hauv hlwb, thiab saib xyuas lwm yam tib neeg malignancies, thiab lwm yam. [1].
Dab tsi yog qhov mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm HCG?
1. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev txais ntawm lub endometrium
Qee qhov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias HCG tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov kev txais ntawm lub endometrium los ntawm miR-126-3p / PIK3R2 / PI3K / Akt / eNOS axis thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm embryo implantation (Wang W, 2023). Cov manifestations tshwj xeeb yog raws li nram no:
Txhim kho txoj haujlwm ntawm endometrial receptors: Los ntawm kev tsim tus qauv nas ntawm embryo implantation dysfunction (EID) thiab kho nws nrog mifepristone, thiab ib txhij ua kev sim ntawm tib neeg endometrial epithelial hlwb (EECs), nws tau pom tias tom qab HCG kho, qhov txais ntawm endometrium tau txhim kho EID. Piv txwv li, qib qhia ntawm CD105 hauv cov nas thiab cov protein ntau ntawm cadherins CD144 thiab CD146 tau nce ntxiv raws li kev txiav txim siab los ntawm immunohistochemistry thiab Western blotting.
Kev tswj cov noob qhia: HCG tuaj yeem txhawb kev qhia ntawm miR-126-3p thiab inhibit qhov kev qhia ntawm PIK3R2, thiab miR-126-3p lub hom phiaj PIK3R2. Ob qho tib si hauv vivo thiab hauv vitro kev sim tau tshawb pom tias HCG ua rau PI3K / Akt / eNOS txoj hauv kev los ntawm miR-126-3p / PIK3R2 axis, yog li txhim kho qhov txais ntawm lub endometrium.
2. Lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tswj kev xeeb tub
HCG feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm cov hlwb sib txawv syncytiotrophoblast thiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb embryonic teeb liab tseem ceeb rau kev tswj xeeb tub [2].
Ua kom muaj ntau lub teeb liab cascade tshwm sim: HCG tuaj yeem khi rau luteinizing hormone / chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) thiab muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj ntau lub teeb liab cascade cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, suav nrog cov niam tawm tsam decapentaplegic homolog 2 (Smad2) rau cov niam uas muaj ntau lub peev xwm, protein kinase C (PKC), thiab / los yog cov protein kinase hloov pauv ncaj qha los ntawm A β receptor (TGFβR).
Txhawb nqa angiogenesis hauv uterine endothelium: HCG plays lub luag haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv kev txhawb nqa angiogenesis hauv lub tsev menyuam endothelium, muab qhov chaw loj hlob zoo rau lub embryo.Txhim kho qhov quiescence ntawm myometrium: Nws pab tswj lub xeev ruaj khov ntawm lub tsev menyuam thiab muab ib qho chaw tsim nyog rau kev loj hlob ntawm lub embryo. plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv immunomodulation ntawm niam-fetal interface thiab sib npaug cov lus teb ntawm leej niam lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob rau lub embryo.
3. Lub luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv khov embryo hloov
Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias transcutaneous hluav taws xob acupoint stimulation (TEAS) ua ke nrog kev kho HCG tuaj yeem txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cev xeeb tub ntawm cov neeg mob uas tau hloov lub embryo khov [3].
Ua kom lub thickness ntawm lub endometrium: TEAS kev kho mob tsuas yog pab kom lub thickness ntawm lub endometrium nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob mus rau khov embryo hloov. Kev kho mob sib xyaw ua ke ntawm HCG thiab TEAS kuj tseem pab ua kom cov tuab ntawm endometrium hauv cov neeg mob no.
Txo cov ntshav khiav Performance index ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub tsev menyuam: Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm endometrial ntshav ntws PI thiab RI hauv TEAS ua ke nrog HCG pawg thiab TEAS pawg tau qis dua li cov hauv pawg tswj hwm, qhia tias kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm HCG thiab TEAS tuaj yeem txo cov ntshav khiav index PI thiab RI ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv tsev menyuam.
Kev nce qib ntawm cov yam tseem ceeb uas cuam tshuam nrog kev saib xyuas cev xeeb tub hauv cov ntshav: HCG kev kho mob feem ntau pab txhawm rau nce qib ntawm cov ntshav ntshav P thiab leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) hauv cov neeg mob uas hloov cov embryo khov. Cov qib LIF hauv cov ntshav hauv TEAS pawg, pawg HCG, thiab TEAS ua ke nrog HCG pab pawg tau nce siab dua li cov hauv pawg tswj hwm. Cov embryo implantation tus nqi nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg ua ke yog ho siab tshaj qhov uas nyob rau hauv lub tswj pab pawg neeg, qhia hais tias kev kho mob ua ke ntawm TEAS thiab HCG tuaj yeem txhim kho cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cev xeeb tub ntawm cov neeg mob uas hloov lub embryo khov.
4. Kev kho cov txiv neej hypogonadism
Hypogonadism tshwm sim los ntawm kev tso tawm tsis txaus ntawm gonadotropin hauv cov txiv neej muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev rau kev ua me nyuam thiab kev ua neej zoo ntawm cov neeg mob. Tib neeg Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho cov kab mob no. HCG khi rau cov receptors nyob rau saum npoo ntawm Leydig hlwb nyob rau hauv lub testis, activates lub intracellular signaling txoj kev, thiab txhawb kev hloov ntawm cov cholesterol rau hauv testosterone. Qhov nce hauv testosterone tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub testis thiab ua kom lub ntim ntawm lub testis. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, testosterone kuj tuaj yeem txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov menyuam yaus xws li epididymis thiab vas deferens. Testosterone plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev loj hlob ntawm txiv neej theem nrab kev sib deev yam ntxwv. Los ntawm kev nce qib ntawm testosterone, kev kho HCG tuaj yeem txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov hwj txwv thiab Adas cov txiv apples, txhim kho cov leeg nqaij, thiab ua kom muaj kev sib deev, thiab lwm yam.
Cellular qhov chaw, lub hom phiaj, cuam tshuam cov teeb liab cascades, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau yam HCG isoforms hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cev xeeb tub.
Source: PubMed [2]
Dab tsi yog cov ntawv thov tseem ceeb ntawm HCG?
1. Siv rau kev kuaj mob thaum ntxov
Tus nqi ntsuas cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntshav T-HCG thiab β-HCG thaum cev xeeb tub: Sau cov xwm txheej ntawm cev xeeb tub thaum ntxov, ntsuas ntshav T-HCG siv chemiluminescence, ntsuas ntshav β-HCG siv radioimmunoassay, thiab ua cov kev soj ntsuam zoo. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntshav T-HCG thiab β-HCG hauv pawg cev xeeb tub ectopic tsawg dua li cov hauv pawg rho menyuam thiab pab pawg cev xeeb tub hauv plab. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias qhov ntsuas ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntshav T-HCG thiab β-HCG muaj qhov tshwj xeeb zoo thiab kuaj pom tus nqi rau kev sib txawv ntawm cev xeeb tub thiab cev xeeb tub, thiab T-HCG muaj ntau dua rhiab heev thiab kev ntseeg tau [4].
Kev kuaj mob ectopic cev xeeb tub los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov ntshav HCG, β-HCG, thiab progesterone: Tshawb xyuas cov ntshav HCG, β-HCG, thiab progesterone hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub thiab cov poj niam cev xeeb tub nrog cev xeeb tub. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qib ntawm HCG, β-HCG, thiab progesterone hauv cov poj niam cev xeeb tub zoo dua li cov poj niam cev xeeb tub nrog ectopic cev xeeb tub. Thaum kuaj pom ib leeg, qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntshav HCG hauv kev kuaj mob ectopic cev xeeb tub yog 70.83%; qhov tseeb ntawm β-HCG yog 66.7%; Qhov tseeb ntawm progesterone yog 54.17%. Kev kuaj pom ua ke ntawm cov ntshav HCG, β-HCG, thiab progesterone muaj qhov tseeb txog li 95.8% hauv kev kuaj mob ectopic cev xeeb tub [5].
2. Daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv kev pab cuam kev ua me nyuam
Optimizing follicular maturation: Nyob rau hauv lub zes qe menyuam stimulation, tib neeg menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) tuaj yeem txhim kho follicular maturation tom qab pituitary desensitization induced los ntawm gonadotropin-tso tshuaj hormone analogues (Gn-RH-analogue). Qhov no feem ntau yog vim nws zam qhov tsis xwm yeem endogenous luteinizing hormone (LG) cov lus teb uas tshwm sim thaum kho hMG hauv kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm kev kho mob. Hauv ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb siv buserelin lossis degarelix raws li Gn-RH analogues, 282 cov neeg mob tau txais hauv vitro fertilization, gamete intrafallopian hloov mus, lossis ua ib feem ntawm kev kho 'in vivo'. Kev kho mob sib xyaw ua ke ntawm GnRH analogue / hMG / HCG ua rau muaj kev xeeb tub hauv txhua pab pawg. Tus nqi cev xeeb tub ntawm cov neeg mob kho nrog HMG / HCG yog 17%, thaum kev kho ua ke ua rau 25% ntawm cov neeg mob cev xeeb tub [6].
Txhim kho qhov txais tau ntawm endometrium: Tib neeg Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) yog ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ua ntej embryo implantation. Kev tshawb fawb siv cov ntaub so ntswg endometrial pom tias tom qab intrauterine tswj HCG, cov xov tooj ntawm cov hlwb qhia cov endothelial cell adhesion molecules VE-cadherin (CD144) thiab S-Endo-1 (CD146) nce ntau, qhia tias endothelial cell adhesion molecules tej zaum yuav yog ib tug muaj peev xwm mechanism ntawm lub cev xeeb tub 7 thiab HCG..
2. Kev kho mob ntawm luteal insufficiency
Tau ob xyoo dhau los, exogenous progesterone kev tswj hwm tau siv los ua luteal theem kev txhawb nqa (LPS) ua ke nrog kev tswj hwm ntawm zes qe menyuam stimulation siv tib neeg Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) los ua kom qhov kawg ntawm cov follicles. Kev taw qhia ntawm GnRHa los ua rau ovulation qhia tias exogenous progesterone kev tswj hwm tsis txaus kom ua tiav qhov kev xeeb tub txaus siab yam tsis muaj HCG ntxiv.
Qhov no tau ua rau muaj kev txhim kho ntawm lwm cov tswv yim rau kev txhawb nqa luteal theem. Ua kom lub zos endogenous progesterone ntau lawm ntawm ntau corpora lutea yog lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, ntawm ib sab, kom tsis txhob muaj kev loj hlob ntawm zes qe menyuam hyperstimulation syndrome, thiab ntawm qhov tod tes, muab cov qib progesterone txaus los tswj kev cog qoob loo.
Kev tshawb fawb tam sim no tau soj ntsuam lub luag haujlwm ntawm micro-dose HCG rau kev txhawb nqa luteal theem thiab kawm txog nws qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Raws li cov tshuaj pharmacokinetic ntawm HCG, tus qauv lej ntawm kev faib tawm ntawm HCG thaum lub sij hawm luteal tau raug soj ntsuam los ntawm kev sib txuas ntau yam kev tswj hwm HCG raws li kev txhawb nqa theem luteal. Nws tau pom zoo tias qhov kev txhawb nqa luteal tam sim no muab ua ke nrog GnRHa ua rau (piv txwv li, 1500IU) muaj zog heev, thiab kev tswj hwm micro-dose HCG txhua hnub tuaj yeem muab kev txhawb nqa luteal theem zoo rau cov tshuaj tam sim no. Cov txiaj ntsig kev kho mob ua ntej ntawm micro-dose HCG txoj kev kuj tau muab [8].
3. Kev kho mob ntawm unilateral intra-abdominal undescended testis
Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb tau ua rau cov neeg mob uas underwent orchidopexy rau unilateral intra-abdominal undescended testis txij lub Cuaj Hli 2010 txog rau lub Cuaj Hlis 2016. Ob lub lis piam tom qab kev ua haujlwm, cov niam txiv ntawm cov neeg mob uas tau txais kev kho tshuaj hormone yuav tsum ua raws li 6-lub lim tiam kev tswj hwm. Cov neeg mob tau txais kev txhaj tshuaj subcutaneous ntawm 500 UI (Gonasi-HP) ib lub lis piam. Kev soj ntsuam tau ua thaum kawg ntawm kev kho mob thiab 6 lub hlis tom qab.
Qhov ntim ntawm lub testis tau ntsuas los ntawm ultrasound thiab ultrasonic elastography ntawm txhua qhov kev soj ntsuam thiab muab piv nrog cov neeg mob uas tsis tau txais kev kho mob. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias 45 tus neeg mob tau txais kev kho mob, nrog lub hnub nyoog nruab nrab ntawm 18.0 ± 9.7 lub hlis. 32 cov neeg mob tau txais kev kho cov tshuaj hormones tom qab, thiab tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo lossis raug tshem tawm.
Txhua tus neeg mob ua tiav qhov kev soj ntsuam. Tsis muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm testicular atrophy hauv ob pawg. Hauv pab pawg kho mob, 81% ntawm cov neeg mob tau mus txog qhov loj me me ntawm 6 lub hlis, thaum lub testis ntim ntawm lwm tus neeg mob tseem me me. Hauv pab pawg uas tsis tau kho, 46% ntawm cov neeg mob tau mus txog qhov loj ntawm qhov testis. Kev siv tom qab kev siv tib neeg Chorionic Gonadotropin (u-HCG) tuaj yeem txhim kho lub ntim thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub testis los ntawm kev txhawb nqa kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub testis [9].
4. Daim ntawv thov hauv kev tshawb fawb tshuaj tiv thaiv β-HCG
Ua ib qho kev kuaj HCG stimulation rau cov poj niam uas tau txhaj tshuaj NII beta-HCG tshuaj tiv thaiv tab sis tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv HCG antibody titers, thiab siv cov stimulation ntawm cov ntshav progesterone secretion ua ib qho qhia txog corpus luteum cov lus teb rau HCG intravenous. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias hauv pawg tswj hwm, feem ntau cov poj niam muaj qib progesterone ntau dua tom qab HCG stimulation ntau dua li qib basal, thaum lub siab tshaj plaws progesterone qib hauv cov poj niam hauv pawg tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis pub dhau qib basal tom qab txhaj tshuaj, qhia tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsim los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov txiaj ntsig ntawm exogenous HCG [10].
Hauv kev xaus, HCG plays lub luag haujlwm tsis tuaj yeem hloov pauv hauv kev kho mob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntsig txog kev yug me nyuam. Hauv kev kho menyuam yaus, nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm ovulation, ua rau muaj kev cia siab rau cov neeg mob uas muaj menyuam tsis taus los ntawm kev mob ovulation. Los ntawm kev khi rau LH receptors hauv lub cev, nws tuaj yeem ua rau LH tsis txaus nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem antagonist thiab pab nrog follicular maturation. Rau luteal insufficiency, HCG tuaj yeem txhawb nqa lub cev luteum kom zais cov progesterone thiab tswj hwm qhov chaw tsim nyog hormonal los txhawb kev xeeb tub.
Rau cov txiv neej hypogonadism tshwm sim los ntawm kev tso tawm tsis txaus ntawm gonadotropin, HCG tuaj yeem txhawb nqa Leydig hlwb hauv lub testis los ua ke thiab zais cov testosterone, txhawb kev loj hlob ntawm cov qog, txhim kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib deev, thiab txhim kho kev ua me nyuam thiab kev ua neej zoo ntawm cov neeg mob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, HCG ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm kev xeeb tub thaum ntxov, txhawb nqa lub cev luteum kom tsis tu ncua zais progesterone kom ntseeg tau tias embryo implantation thiab kev loj hlob. Hauv kev kuaj mob, kuaj xyuas qib HCG yog lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau kev txiav txim siab cev xeeb tub thaum ntxov thiab txheeb xyuas qhov txawv txav xws li cev xeeb tub ectopic, muab kev txhawb zog rau kev cuam tshuam thiab kho raws sijhawm.
Hais Txog Tus Sau
Cov ntaub ntawv hais saum toj no yog txhua yam tshawb fawb, kho thiab sau los ntawm Cocer Peptides.
Scientific Journal Author
Chinedu Nwabuobi yog tus kws tshawb fawb nrog cov kws tshaj lij hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Obstetrics & Gynecology, Reproductive Biology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Chemistry, thiab Oncology. Nws tau koom nrog ntau lub tsev muaj koob npe, suav nrog University of South Florida, University of Rochester, thiab Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Nws txoj kev tshawb fawb tsom mus rau cov ncauj lus xws li kev ua haujlwm lom neeg thiab kev siv tshuaj kho mob ntawm tib neeg chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), nrog rau kev nkag siab txog nws lub luag haujlwm hauv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov menyuam yaus thiab cov kab mob ntsig txog. Chinedu Nwabuobi tau teev nyob rau hauv kev siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv [2].
