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1kits (Ebipipa 10) .
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▎ Enzimba ya HCG
Ensibuko: PubChem |
IUPAC Ekisengejjeddwa: N (1) Cys-Gly-OH.H-Aad (1)-OH Ensengekera ya molekyu: C 11H 19N 3O 6S Obuzito bwa molekyu:321.35g/mol Ennamba ya CAS: 9002-61-3 PubChem CID: 4369448. Omuntu w’abantu Ebigambo ebikwatagana: Chorionic gonadotrophin;CHEMBL1233255 |
▎ Okunoonyereza ku HCG
Ensibuko y’okunoonyereza ku HCG eri etya?
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) molekyu erimu emirimu emikulu mingi era ekola kinene mu bintu ng’olubuto ne kookolo w’omuntu. Ekisooka, HCG molekyu esukkiridde. Ye glycoprotein esinga okubaamu asidi era erimu ssukaali asinga obungi. Ekirala, HCG eriwo mu ngeri ez’enjawulo, omuli HCG eya bulijjo, HCG erimu sulfated, HCG erimu glycosylated, β-HCG ey’obwereere, ne β-HCG etali ya glycosylated, n’ebirala [1].
Mu nsonga z’embuto, HCG yeetaagibwa nnyo mu nsonga z’omuntu n’olubuto lw’omuntu. HCG eya bulijjo ekola kinene mu kutumbula okukola corpus luteum progesterone era era erina emirimu emikulu mu kwawula obutoffaali bwa trophoblast n’endya y’omwana mu lubuto. Okugeza, kitegeera okugabibwa kw’emmere y’omwana mu lubuto okuyita mu angiogenesis mu misuwa egy’enkulungo egy’omu myometrium [1] . Hyperglycosylated HCG nayo ekola kinene mu biseera by’olubuto ebisooka. Ye isoform enkulu eya HCG mu mitendera egy’olubuto egy’olubereberye, esobola okuziyiza apoptosis, okutumbula okulumba obutoffaali, okukula, n’enkyukakyuka embi, n’okufuga okuteekebwamu n’okukula kw’enkwaso [1]..
Mu nsonga za kookolo, ebizimba ebibi ebitali bya trophoblastic bikola hyperglycosylated free β subunit ya HCG, nga eno, nga autocrine factor, eyongera okutumbula okukula n’enkyukakyuka embi ey’obutoffaali bwa kookolo nga biziyiza apoptosis [1]..
Okugatta ku ekyo, okuzuula HCG era kukozesebwa nnyo mu bujjanjabi, omuli okukebera olubuto, okulondoola ebiva mu lubuto, okuzuula obulabe bw’abaana abato abalina obulwadde bwa Down syndrome, okulagula obulwadde bwa preeclampsia, okuzuula HCG y’omu lubuto, okuzuula n’okuddukanya endwadde z’olubuto eziyitibwa gestational trophoblastic diseases, okuzuula endwadde z’ekizimba z’olubuto ezisirise, okuzuula obulwadde bwa placental site trophoblastic, okuddukanya obulwadde bw’obutoffaali bw’obuwuka obuleeta endwadde z’ensigo, n’okulondoola obulwadde obulala obw’abantu, n’ebirala [1] ..
Enkola ya HCG ekola ki?
1. Enkosa ku kukkiriza kw’ekisenge ky’omu lubuto
Okunoonyereza okumu kulaga nti HCG eyinza okukosa okukkiriza kw’omu lubuto okuyita mu miR-126-3p/PIK3R2/PI3K/Akt/eNOS axis era ekola kinene mu nkola y’okuteekebwamu embuto (Wang W, 2023). Okwolesebwa ebitongole bye bino wammanga:
Okulongoosa enkola y’ebikwata mu nnabaana: Nga bateekawo enkola y’ebibe ey’obutakola bulungi mu kuteekebwamu embuto (EID) n’okugijjanjaba n’eddagala lya mifepristone, ate mu kiseera kye kimu ne tukola okugezesa ku butoffaali bw’omu lubuto lw’omuntu (EECs), kyazuulibwa nti oluvannyuma lw’okujjanjabwa HCG, okukkiriza kw’olubuto mu mbeba za EID kwalongooka. Okugeza, omutindo gw’okwolesebwa kwa CD105 mu mbeba n’emiwendo gya puloteyina ya cadherins CD144 ne CD146 byayongerwako nga bwe kyazuulibwa mu immunohistochemistry ne Western blotting.
Okulungamya okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale: HCG esobola okutumbula okwolesebwa kwa miR-126-3p n’okuziyiza okwolesebwa kwa PIK3R2, era miR-126-3p etunuulira PIK3R2. Okugezesa kwombi mu vivo ne mu vitro kukakasizza nti HCG ekola ekkubo lya PI3K/Akt/eNOS okuyita mu miR-126-3p/PIK3R2 axis, bwe kityo n’elongoosa okukkiriza kw’ekisenge ky’omu lubuto.
2. Omulimu mu kukuuma olubuto
HCG esinga kukolebwa butoffaali bwa syncytiotrophoblast obw’enjawulo era kabonero kakulu nnyo mu embryonic eyeetaagisa okukuuma olubuto [2]..
Okukola enkola za signal cascade eziwera: HCG esobola okwesiba ku luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) era eyinza okukola enkola za signal cascade eziwera, omuli bamaama abalwanyisa decapentaplegic homolog 2 (Smad2) eri bamaama abalina obusobozi obuwera, protein kinase C (PKC), ne/oba protein kinase A (PKA), okuyita mu nkolagana obutereevu/obutatereevu n’ekikyusa ekirungo ky’okukula ekya β receptor (TGFβR).
Okutumbula okutondebwa kw’emisuwa mu nnabaana: HCG ekola kinene mu kutumbula okutondebwa kw’emisuwa mu nnabaana, okuwa embeera ennungi ey’okukula kw’embuto.Okukuuma okusirika kw’ekitundu ky’omubiri ekiyitibwa myometrium: Kiyamba okukuuma embeera ya nnabaana ng’enywevu era n’ewa embeera entuufu ey’okukula kw’embuto.Okutumbula okukyukakyuka kw’obusimu obuziyiza endwadde ku enkolagana ya maama n’omwana ali mu lubuto: Ekola kinene mu kukyusa obusimu obuziyiza endwadde ku nsengekera ya maama n’omwana mu lubuto era egerageranya engeri abaserikale b’omubiri gya maama gye baddamu embuto.
3. Omulimu mu kutambuza embuto ezifuuse bbugumu
Okunoonyereza kuzudde nti transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) nga egattibwa wamu n’obujjanjabi bwa HCG esobola okulongoosa ebiva mu lubuto lw’abalwadde abakolebwako okukyusa embuto mu bbugumu [3]..
Okwongera ku buwanvu bw’olubuto: Obujjanjabi bwa TEAS okusinga buyamba okwongera ku buwanvu bw’olubuto mu balwadde abakolebwako okukyusa embuto mu bbugumu. Obujjanjabi bwa HCG ne TEAS nga bigattiddwa wamu nakyo kiyamba okwongera ku buwanvu bw’olubuto mu balwadde bano.
Okukendeeza ku muwendo gw’omusaayi ogutambula mu musuwa gwa nnabaana: Emiwendo gy’okutambula kw’omusaayi mu nnabaana PI ne RI mu TEAS nga bigattiddwa wamu n’ekibinja kya HCG n’ekibinja kya TEAS gyali wansi nnyo okusinga egyo mu kibinja ekifuga, ekiraga nti obujjanjabi bwa HCG ne TEAS nga bigattiddwa busobola okukendeeza ku muwendo gw’omusaayi ogutambula PI ne RI ogw’omusuwa gwa nnabaana mu balwadde.
Okwongera ku miwendo gy’ensonga ezikwata ku kukuuma embuto mu serum: Obujjanjabi bwa HCG okusinga buyamba okwongera ku miwendo gya serum P ne leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) mu balwadde abakolebwako okukyusa embuto mu bbugumu. Emiwendo gya LIF mu musaayi mu kibinja kya TEAS, ekibinja kya HCG, ne TEAS nga bigattiddwa wamu n’ekibinja kya HCG byonna byali waggulu nnyo okusinga ebyo mu kibinja ekifuga. Omuwendo gw’okuteekebwamu embuto mu kibinja ekigatta gwali waggulu nnyo okusinga ogw’ekibinja ekifuga, ekiraga nti obujjanjabi obw’okugatta TEAS ne HCG busobola okulongoosa ebiva mu lubuto lw’abalwadde abakolebwako okukyusa embuto mu bbugumu.
4. Obujjanjabi bw’obulwadde bwa hypogonadism bw’abasajja
Obulwadde bwa hypogonadism obuva ku butafulumya ddagala lya gonadotropin mu basajja bukola kinene ku bulamu bw’okuzaala n’omutindo gw’obulamu bw’abalwadde. Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) ekola kinene mu kujjanjaba endwadde ng’ezo. HCG yeekwata ku bikwata ku ngulu w’obutoffaali bwa Leydig mu nsigo, ekola ekkubo ly’obubonero mu butoffaali, era n’etumbula okukyusa kolesterol okufuuka testosterone. Okwongera kw’obusimu obuyitibwa testosterone kuyinza okutumbula okukula n’okukula kw’ensigo n’okwongera ku bunene bw’ensigo. Mu kiseera kye kimu, ekirungo kya testosterone era kisobola okusitula enkula y’ebitundu by’okuzaala nga epididymis ne vas deferens. Testosterone ekola kinene mu kukulaakulanya engeri z’okwegatta ez’okubiri ez’abasajja. Nga bongera ku mutindo gwa testosterone, obujjanjabi bwa HCG busobola okutumbula okukula kw’ebirevu n’obulo bwa Adam, okutumbula amaanyi g’ebinywa, n’okwongera obwagazi bw’okwegatta n’ebirala
Ensonda z’obutoffaali, ebigendererwa, ensengekera z’obubonero ezikwatagana, n’emirimu gya isoforms ez’enjawulo eza HCG mu bakyala abatali ba lubuto n’ab’embuto.
Ensibuko:PubMed [2] .
Biki ebikulu ebikozesebwa mu kukola HCG?
1. Ekozesebwa okuzuula obulwadde bw’embuto nga bukyali
Omugaso gw’okupima ebirimu mu serum T-HCG ne β-HCG mu lubuto olusooka: Kuŋŋaanya emisango gy’embuto ezitali za bulijjo nga bukyali, pima serum T-HCG ng’okozesa chemiluminescence, pima serum β-HCG ng’okozesa radioimmunoassay, n’okukola okwetegereza okw’amaanyi. Ebivuddemu biraga nti ebirimu serum T-HCG ne β-HCG mu kibinja ky’embuto ezitali za nnabaana biba wansi nnyo okusinga ebiri mu kibinja ky’abaggyamu embuto n’ekibinja ky’abalina embuto mu nnabaana. Kino kiraga nti okupima ebirimu mu serum T-HCG ne β-HCG kulina specificity ennungi n’omutindo gw’okuzuula okwawula olubuto olw’ebweru w’olubuto n’olubuto mu nnabaana, ate T-HCG erina okuwuliziganya n’okwesigamizibwa okw’amaanyi [4]..
Okuzuula olubuto olw’ebweru w’olubuto nga ogattibwa okuzuula HCG, β-HCG, ne progesterone mu musaayi: Okuzuula HCG, β-HCG, ne progesterone mu musaayi mu bakyala ab’embuto aba bulijjo n’abakyala ab’embuto abalina embuto ez’ebweru w’olubuto. Ebivudde mu kunoonyereza biraga nti emiwendo gya serum HCG, β-HCG, ne progesterone mu bakyala ab’embuto aba bulijjo gisinga egy’abakyala ab’embuto abalina embuto ezitali za lubuto. Bwe kizuulibwa kyokka, omuwendo gw’obutuufu bwa serum HCG mu kuzuula embuto ez’ebweru w’olubuto guli 70.83%; omuwendo gw’obutuufu bwa β-HCG guli 66.7%; omuwendo gw’obutuufu bwa progesterone guli 54.17%. Okuzuula okugatta kwa serum HCG, β-HCG, ne progesterone kulina omuwendo gw’obutuufu ogutuuka ku bitundu 95.8% mu kuzuula embuto ezitali za lubuto [5]..
2. Okukozesebwa mu tekinologiya w’okuzaala ayambibwako
Okulongoosa okukula kw’enkwaso: Mu kusikirizibwa kw’enkwaso, gonadotropin y’omuntu okuva mu nsonga (hMG) esobola okulongoosa okukula kw’enkwaso oluvannyuma lw’okukendeera kw’enkwaso ezireetebwa gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (Gn-RH-analogue). Kino okusinga kiri bwe kityo kubanga kyewala okuddamu okutali kwa bulijjo okwa endogenous luteinizing hormone (LG) okubaawo mu kiseera ky’obujjanjabi bwa hMG mu nga kimu kya kusatu eky’enzirukanya z’obujjanjabi. Mu kunoonyereza okuwerako nga bakozesa buserelin oba degarelix nga Gn-RH analogues, abalwadde 282 baafuna okuzaala mu vitro, gamete intrafallopian transfer, oba ng'ekitundu ku bujjanjabi 'in vivo'. Obujjanjabi obw’okugatta GnRH analogue/hMG/HCG bwayongera nnyo ku muwendo gw’embuto mu bibinja byonna. Omuwendo gw’embuto z’abalwadde abajjanjabwa n’eddagala lya HMG/HCG gwali 17%, ate obujjanjabi obw’okugatta bwafuula 25% ku balwadde embuto [6]..
Okulongoosa engeri enkwaso gye zikwatamu: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) kye kimu ku bubonero obukulu nga tebannaba kuteekebwamu embuto. Okunoonyereza nga bakozesa okwekenneenya ebitundu by’omu lubuto kwazuula nti oluvannyuma lw’okuweebwa HCG mu nnabaana, omuwendo gw’obutoffaali obulaga molekyu ezikwatagana n’obutoffaali bw’omubiri obuyitibwa endothelial cell adhesion molecules VE-cadherin (CD144) ne S-Endo-1 (CD146) gweyongera nnyo, ekiraga nti molekyu z’okunyweza obutoffaali bw’omu lubuto ziyinza okuba enkola eyinza okuba nga HCG elongoosa okuteekebwamu embuto n’omutindo gw’olubuto [7] ..
2. Okujjanjaba obulwadde bwa luteal insufficiency
Okumala emyaka amakumi abiri egiyise, okugaba eddagala lya progesterone ery’ebweru kubadde kukozesebwa nga luteal phase support (LPS) nga kugatta wamu n’okusikirizibwa kw’enkwaso okufugibwa nga tukozesa Chorionic Gonadotropin y’omuntu (HCG) okutandika okukula okusembayo okw’enkwaso. Okuleeta GnRHa okutandika okufulumya eggi kiraga nti okuweebwa progesterone ow’ebweru tekimala kutuuka ku muwendo gw’olubuto ogumatiza awatali kwongerako HCG.
Kino kireetedde okukola obukodyo obulala obw’okuwagira ekitundu ky’omubiri ekiyitibwa luteal phase. Okwongera ku kukola progesterone mu kitundu mu bitundu by’omubiri ebingi (multiple corpora lutea) nsonga nkulu, ku ludda olumu, okwewala okukula kw’obulwadde bwa ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, ate ku ludda olulala, okuwa omutindo ogumala ogwa progesterone okukuuma okuteekebwamu.
Okunoonyereza okuliwo kati kwekenneenya omulimu gwa micro-dose HCG ku luteal phase support era ne kunoonyereza ku birungi n’ebibi ebiyinza okuvaamu. Okusinziira ku mpisa z’eddagala lya HCG, enkola y’okubala ey’ensaasaanya y’obungi bwa HCG mu kiseera ky’omutendera gw’olubuto (luteal phase) yakeberebwa nga egatta enkola ez’enjawulo eziwerako ez’okugaba HCG ng’obuyambi bw’omutendera gw’olubuto. Kiteesebwa nti obuyambi bwa luteal phase obuliwo kati obuweebwa awamu n’okusitula GnRHa (kwe kugamba, 1500IU) bwa maanyi nnyo, era buli lunaku micro-dose HCG administration eyinza okuwa optimized luteal phase support eri eddagala eririwo mu kiseera kino. Ebivudde mu bujjanjabi ebisookerwako eby’enkola ya micro-dose HCG nabyo biweereddwa [8]..
3. Obujjanjabi bw’ensigo ezitakka mu lubuto oludda olumu
Okunoonyereza kwakolebwa ku balwadde abaakolebwako eddagala lya orchidopexy olw’ensigo ezitakka mu lubuto oludda olumu okuva mu September 2010 okutuuka mu September 2016. Nga wayise wiiki bbiri nga balongooseddwa, abazadde b’abalwadde abaafunye obujjanjabi obw’obusimu baali beetaaga okugoberera enkola ya wiiki 6. Abalwadde bano baafuna empiso ya 500 UI (Gonasi-HP) wansi w’olususu buli wiiki. Okugoberera kwakolebwa ku nkomerero y’obujjanjabi n’oluvannyuma lw’emyezi 6.
Obunene bw’ensigo bwapimibwa mu ngeri ya ultrasound ne ultrasonic elastography buli lwe baagoberera era ne bugeraageranyizibwa ku balwadde abataafuna bujjanjabi. Ebyavudde mu kunoonyereza biraga nti abalwadde 45 be baafunye obujjanjabi, nga wakati w’emyaka gyabwe gya myezi 18.0±9.7. Abalwadde 32 baafuna obujjanjabi bw’obusimu oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa, era tewaaliwo buzibu bwonna oba emisango egy’okuggyawo.
Abalwadde bonna baamaliriza okugoberera. Tewaaliwo misango gya kuzimba nseke mu bibinja byombi. Mu kibinja ky’abajjanjabi, abalwadde 81% baatuuka ku sayizi y’ensigo eya bulijjo ku myezi 6, ate ng’obunene bw’ensigo bw’abalwadde abalala bwali bukyali butono. Mu kibinja ekitajjanjabiddwa, abalwadde 46% baatuuka ku sayizi y’ensigo eya bulijjo. Okukozesa eddagala lya Chorionic Gonadotropin (u-HCG) ly’omuntu oluvannyuma lw’okulongoosebwa kuyinza okulongoosa obuzito n’enkola y’ensigo nga kisitula okukula n’okukula kw’ensigo [9]..
4. Okukozesebwa mu kunoonyereza ku ddagala erigema β-HCG
Kola okukebera okusikirizibwa kwa HCG ku bakyala abaagemesebwa n’eddagala erigema NII beta-HCG naye nga tebalina titers za anti-HCG antibody, era kozesa okusikirizibwa kw’okufulumya eddagala lya serum progesterone ng’ekiraga engeri corpus luteum gy’eddamu ku HCG eyingizibwa mu misuwa. Ebivuddemu biraga nti mu kibinja ekifuga, abakyala abasinga obungi baalina omutindo gw’okufulumya progesterone ogw’amaanyi ennyo oluvannyuma lw’okusikirizibwa HCG okusinga ku mutindo gwa basal, ate omutindo gwa progesterone ogw’oku ntikko mu bakyala mu kibinja ekyagemebwa tegwasukka mutindo gwa basal oluvannyuma lw’okugema, ekiraga nti obuziyiza obukolebwa eddagala lino busobola okuziyiza ekikolwa kya HCG ey’ebweru [10]..
Mu kumaliriza, HCG ekola omulimu ogutayinza kukyusibwa mu by’obusawo naddala mu bintu ebikwata ku kuzaala. Mu bujjanjabi bw’okuzaala, busobola bulungi okuleeta eggi okuvaamu, okuleeta essuubi eri abalwadde abalina obutazaala obuva ku buzibu bw’okuggyamu eggi. Nga yesiba ku bikwata LH mu mubiri, esobola okukola ku mutindo gwa LH ogutamala mu nkola ya antagonist n’okuyamba mu kukula kw’enkwaso. Ku butamala luteal, HCG esobola okusitula corpus luteum okufulumya progesterone n’okukuuma embeera y’obusimu entuufu okuwagira olubuto.
Ku bulwadde bw’omusajja obuyitibwa hypogonadism obuva ku butafulumya gonadotropin bumala, HCG esobola okusitula obutoffaali bwa Leydig mu nsigo okukola n’okufulumya testosterone, okutumbula enkula y’ensigo, okulongoosa engeri z’okwegatta ez’okubiri, n’okutumbula enkola y’okuzaala n’omutindo gw’obulamu bw’abalwadde. Mu kiseera kye kimu, HCG ekola kinene mu kukuuma olubuto nga bukyali, okusitula ekitundu ky’omubiri ekiyitibwa corpus luteum okufulumya eddagala lya progesterone obutasalako okukakasa nti embuto ziteekebwamu n’okukula. Mu kuzuula obulwadde, okuzuula omutindo gwa HCG gwe musingi omukulu ogw’okuzuula embuto nga bukyali n’okuzuula embuto ezitali za bulijjo ng’embuto ezitali za bulijjo, okuwa obuwagizi obw’amaanyi okuyingira mu nsonga n’okujjanjaba mu budde.
Ebikwata ku Muwandiisi
Ebintu ebyogeddwako waggulu byonna binoonyerezeddwako, birongooseddwa era ne bikung’aanyizibwa kkampuni ya Cocer Peptides.
Omuwandiisi wa Scientific Journal
Chinedu Nwabuobi munoonyereza alina obukugu mu by’okuzaala n’abakyala, okuzaala, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Chemistry, ne Oncology. Abadde alina akakwate n’amatendekero ag’ekitiibwa agawerako omuli Yunivasite y’e South Florida, Yunivasite y’e Rochester, ne Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Okunoonyereza kwe kwesigamye ku miramwa ng’emirimu gy’ebiramu n’okukozesa eddagala lya human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) mu bujjanjabi, n’ebiyamba okutegeera omulimu gwayo mu bulamu bw’okuzaala n’endwadde ezikwatagana nabyo. Chinedu Nwabuobi awandiikiddwa mu kiwandiiko ekijuliziddwa [2].
