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1 kits (10 Vials)
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▎ Melanotan-2 Tsarin
Source: PubChem |
Jeri: Ac-Nle-cyclo(Asp-His-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-lys) -NH₂ Tsarin kwayoyin halitta: C 50H 69N 15O9 Nauyin Kwayoyin: 1024.2 g/mol Lambar CAS: 121062-08-6 Takardar bayanai:92432 Synonyms: MT-II |
▎ Melanotan-2 Bincike
Menene asalin binciken Melanota?
Melanota shine analog na roba. Yana da analog na roba na α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), wanda aka shirya ta hanyoyin haɗin sunadarai [1] . α-MSH wani hormone ne na halitta wanda ke da ayyuka daban-daban na ilimin lissafi a cikin jikin mutum, gami da daidaita launin fata. An tsara Melanota don yin kwaikwayon wasu tasirin α-MSH amma yana da aiki mai ƙarfi da takamaiman dalilai na aikace-aikacen. An fara haɓaka Melanota a matsayin wani abu don inganta launin fata, wato, abin da ake kira tanning agent. Tare da karuwar bukatar mutane na fata, wasu mutane sun fara neman samun saurin duhun fata ta hanyar allurar Melanota. Binciken da aka yi a wannan fanni ya fi mayar da hankali ne kan tsarin sa da kuma tasirin sa akan launin fata. Misali, binciken ya gano cewa Melanota na iya ɗaure takamaiman masu karɓa akan melanocytes don haɓaka samar da melanin, ta haka yana duhun fata [2, 3]..
Menene Melanota?
Melanota shine analog na roba wanda ke da alaƙa da α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH). Babban aikinsa shine ƙara launin fata da duhun fatar ɗan adam. Melanota galibi yana aiwatar da tasirin sa ta hanyar hulɗa tare da masu karɓar melanocortin. Musamman, a matsayin mai karɓar melanocortin wanda ba zaɓaɓɓe ba, yana iya haɓaka samar da melanin a cikin fata, don haka samun launin fata, wato, tasirin tanning. Bugu da ƙari, yana iya haifar da haɓakar azzakari cikin hanzari da kuma tasirin motsa jiki na jima'i.
Menene takamaiman tsarin Melanota a cikin tanning?
Melanota yana haifar da fatar fata ta hanyar hulɗa tare da melanocortin 1 mai karɓa akan melanocytes. An yi imani da cewa Melanota yana kwaikwayon tasirin melanocortin α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) akan mai karɓar MC1 na melanocytes, wanda ya haifar da karuwa a cikin maganganun furotin na siginar agouti. Melanota yana motsa melanocytes don samarwa da ɓoye melanin, ta haka yana ƙara launin fata [4] . Yana iya inganta samar da eumelanin a cikin fata don cimma launin fata. Nazarin ya nuna cewa α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) analogue cyclic -[Ac-Nle (4), Asp (5), D-Phe (7), Lys (10)] alpha-MSH- (4-10) amide (Melanota), wani m melanocortin receptor agonist, na iya kara kuzari ga samar da e- 5. .
Menene takamaiman hanyar Melanota wajen haifar da tsantsar azzakari da haɓaka kuzarin jima'i?
Gabatarwar tashin hankali:
A cikin berayen da ba su da lafiya, Melanota - agonist mai karɓa na melanocortin ba takamaiman ba - ya nuna shigar da ƙwayar cuta mai dogaro da kashi lokacin da aka gudanar ta hanyar allura ta ciki (0.1-1 mg / kg) ko jiko na tsakiya na tsakiya (0.1-1 μg). Wannan tasirin ya haifar da haɓakar penile kuma ya rage jinkirin abubuwan da suka faru na farko [6] .Tasirinsa na iya haɗawa da kunna masu karɓa na melanocortin a cikin tsarin kulawa na tsakiya, don haka yana daidaita hanyoyin jijiyoyi masu alaka da haɓaka. Lokacin da aka yi allurar Melanota a cikin intrathecally (0.2 μg) a matakin L6 - S1, girman abubuwan da suka faru na haɓakawa ya fi girma. Wannan yana nuna cewa hanyoyin jijiyoyi a matakin kashin baya na iya kasancewa cikin shigar da gina jiki ta Melanota [6].
Haɓaka tsauri:
Bayan allurar Melanota (1 mg/kg) ta cikin jini, amsawar mizani da ta haifar da jijiyar cavernous yana ƙaruwa, don haka yana taka rawa wajen haɓakawa [6] . Bayan m cire sarkar tausayi na lumbar paravertebral, an kawar da tasirin ingantawa na Melanota. Wannan yana nuna cewa tasirin haɓakar Melanota akan haɓakawa ya dogara da amincin sarkar tausayi na lumbar paravertebral. Ya bambanta, Melanota da aka yi masa allura a cikin corpus cavernosum (1 μg) bai nuna wani aikin mai talla ba. Canjawar kashin baya ko jujjuyawar jijiyar pelvic ko jijiyar dorsal na azzakari ba ta lalata ayyukan haɓakawa na Melanota na ciki (1 mg / kg), yana ƙara nuna cewa haɓakar tasirin Melanota akan haɓakawa ya fi ta hanyar hanyar jijiya mai tausayi maimakon jijiyar pelvic ko jijiyar dorsal [6] na azzakari..
Haɓaka halayen sha'awar jima'i na mata:
Nazarin ya gano cewa Melanota kuma yana da tasiri akan halayen mata. A cikin berayen mata, berayen ovariectomized da aka riga aka yi da su tare da estradiol benzoate (EB) da progesterone (P), allurar Melanota ta jijiya (1 da 3 mg / kg) sun kara yawan tsalle-tsalle, rushewa, da murza kunne, yana nuna cewa progesterone na iya yin hulɗa tare da Melanota don haɓaka halayen sha'awar mata [7].
Tasirin MTII akan ƙwayoyin cuta na melanoma.
Source:PubMed [1]
Melanota wani abu ne mai ayyuka da yawa da kwatance bincike. Wadannan zasu gabatar da wasu bincike masu alaka akan Melanota.
Gabatarwar tashin hankali:
A wasu nazarin, an gano cewa Melanota kuma yana da tasiri akan tsarin haihuwa. Misali, Melanota na iya haifar da tsantsar azzakari mara kyau. Wasu marasa lafiya sun sami raɗaɗi mai raɗaɗi bayan allurar subcutaneous na Melanota, kuma sun nuna alamun jin daɗin jin daɗin jin daɗin jin daɗi, irin su ƙara yawan bugun zuciya, hauhawar jini, rashin nutsuwa, da zufa mai yawa [8] . Bugu da ƙari, a cikin nazarin kan rodents, abubuwan melanocortin na iya haifar da matsayi na lordosis, wanda aka fassara a matsayin shaida na ƙara yawan sha'awar jima'i [8] , yana kara nuna cewa tasirin Melanota akan tsarin haihuwa na iya kasancewa da alaka da sha'awar jima'i da ka'idojin jima'i.
Inganta samar da melanin:
A matsayin analog na melanocortin na roba, Melanota na iya ɗaure zuwa melanocortin I receptor (MC1R) don haɓaka samar da melanin [9] .Yafi samun wannan ta hanyar haɓaka haɓakar melanocytes da daidaita ayyukan tyrosinase. Wannan tasirin inganta samar da melanin yana ba Melanota damar aikace-aikacen da za a iya amfani dashi a fagen fata, alal misali, yana iya taka rawa a cikin jiyya da rigakafin wasu cututtukan fata.
Bincike a cikin abubuwan anti-tumor:
A cikin binciken da aka yi a kan maganin ciwon daji, binciken da aka yi amfani da samfurin melanoma B16-F10 ya gano cewa ko da yake Melanota ba shi da wani tasiri a kan yaduwar ƙwayoyin melanoma, zai iya hana ƙaura, mamayewa, da ikon mallaka na ƙwayoyin melanoma. Aikace-aikacen gida na Melanota kuma na iya rage girman ci gaban ƙari a cikin beraye tare da kafaffen melanoma. Hanyar aikinta shine haifar da haɓakar phosphatase da tensin homolog (PTEN) ta hanyar melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), don haka yana hana ci gaban melanoma ta hanyar rage cyclooxygenase II (COX-2) / prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) hanyar sigina [1].
Tasirin warkewa akan Autism:
Wasu nazarin sunyi amfani da samfurin linzamin kwamfuta na mahaifa (MIA) na autism don kimanta yiwuwar warkewa na melanocortin receptor 4 agonist M Melanota don halayen autism a cikin ƙananan mice maza [10] . Gudanar da Melanota ga mice na MIA na tsawon kwanaki bakwai a jere ya haifar da haɓaka a cikin alamun halayen zamantakewa. Babu wani canji mai mahimmanci a cikin alamun halayen zamantakewa a cikin mice C57 namiji tare da al'ada na al'ada bayan jiyya tare da Melanota. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin ƙwayoyin C57 na al'ada, babu canje-canje a cikin damuwa-kamar ko maimaita hali bayan jiyya tare da Melanota, amma an sami raguwa mai yawa a cikin nauyin jiki bayan jiyya na subacute. Waɗannan bayanan sun nuna cewa Melanota magani ne mai inganci wanda zai iya haɓaka ƙarancin ɗabi'a irin na Autism a cikin ƙirar Autism na manya MIA mice.
Komawar rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya:
Nazarin ya nuna cewa an tabbatar da cin abinci mai kitse (HF) don ƙara haɗarin lalacewar jijiyoyi da cututtuka na neurodegenerative. Wannan binciken ya binciki yiwuwar dangantaka tsakanin abinci, Melanota wanda ke nufin masu karɓar melanocortin, da kuma halin zebrafish [11] . Abin mamaki, ko da abincin HF na ɗan gajeren lokaci wanda ya kasance kusan 1% na rayuwar zebrafish yana da tasiri mai karfi na ci gaba. Idan aka kwatanta da zebrafish ciyar da abinci mai sarrafawa, zebrafish ya ciyar da abincin HF ya nuna rashin ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, ƙara yawan matakan damuwa, da kuma rage yanayin bincike bayan makonni uku kawai. Kuma waɗannan abubuwan rashin daidaituwa da abinci na HF suka haifar sun sami koma baya ta Melanota. Dabbobi sun ciyar da abinci na HF kuma ana bi da su tare da Melanota sun nuna ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa, damuwa, da kuma dabi'un bincike kamar na ƙungiyar kulawa. Wannan binciken yana ba da shaida cewa ko da abincin HF na ɗan gajeren lokaci zai iya yin tasiri akan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da yanayi, kuma shine binciken farko da ya nuna cewa Melanota na iya canza waɗannan canje-canje.
Dokokin zamantakewa:
A cikin binciken bincike na neuroscience, an gano cewa Melanotan-II na iya daidaita halayen zamantakewa ta hanyar ƙarfafa masu karɓar melanocortin sannan kuma kunna tsarin oxytocin na tsakiya [12] . Musamman, bayan tsarin tsarin mulki na Melanota, allurar rigakafi maimakon intranasal na Melanota na iya haifar da bayyanar Fos a cikin magnocellular neurons na supraoptic nucleus (SON) da paraventricular nucleus (PVN) na hypothalamus, kuma wannan amsa za a iya ragewa ta hanyar pretreatment tare da melanocortin19. Rikodi na Electrophysiological ya nuna cewa allurar Melanota ta cikin jijiya na iya ƙara yawan harbe-harbe na jijiyoyi na oxytocin a cikin SON. Wannan yana nuna cewa Melanota yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan tsarin oxytocin da ke da alaka da zamantakewar zamantakewa a cikin tsarin jin tsoro, kuma tsarin aikinsa na iya zama don daidaita aiki da ɓoyewar ƙwayoyin oxytocin ta hanyar kunna takamaiman masu karɓa da kuma hanyoyin sigina.
Bincike kan kiba da lafiyar jiki:
Dangane da kiba da lafiyar lafiyar jiki, wasu nazarin sunyi amfani da samfurin kwayoyin halitta na pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) -rashin berayen kuma sun gano cewa melanocortin agonist mai karɓa na Melanota na iya ceton ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfin thermogenic na ɓacin rai na PACAP-rashin berayen yayin daidaitawar sanyi. Wannan yana nuna cewa PACAP na iya taka rawa a saman tsarin melanocortin, yana daidaita ayyukan jijiyar tausayi na nama mai launin ruwan kasa a cikin mice, don haka yana da tasiri akan kiba da lafiyar rayuwa [13].
Tsarin metabolism da zafin jiki:
Melanota kuma yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan tsarin endocrine. Alal misali, gudanarwa na intraperitoneal na Melanota zuwa mice zai iya haifar da hypometabolism mai zurfi da kuma wucin gadi / hypothermia [14] .Nazarin sun nuna cewa a cikin mice da ba su da kwayoyin mast, an kawar da hypothermia da Melanota ya haifar, yana nuna cewa ana buƙatar shigar da kwayoyin mast. Melanota yana haifar da hypothermia a cikin mice ta kunna ƙwayoyin mast da kuma ƙarfafa mai karɓar histamine 1, kuma tsarin aikinsa ya haɗa da hulɗar abubuwa masu yawa na endocrin da masu karɓa.
A ƙarshe, a matsayin wani abu na roba wanda ya jawo hankali sosai, Melanota yana nuna halaye na musamman a fannoni da yawa. A fagen fata, ta hanyar ɗaure takamaiman masu karɓa akan melanocytes, yana iya haɓaka samar da melanin yadda ya kamata, yana ba da hanyar tanning mara kyau ga waɗanda ke sha'awar launin tagulla mai kyau. Idan aka kwatanta da tanning ta hanyar tsawaita bayyanar da hasken ultraviolet, Melanota na iya guje wa lalacewar hasken ultraviolet kai tsaye ga fata kuma ya rage haɗarin kunar rana, tsufa fata, har ma da kansar fata.
Daga ra'ayi na ka'idojin aikin jima'i, Melanota yana da tasiri mai kyau a kan haɓaka haɓakar azzakari cikin hanzari da haɓaka haɓakar jima'i. Wannan wata yuwuwar mafita ce mai inganci ga wasu mutane da ke da tabarbarewar jima'i ko waɗanda ke fatan haɓaka ƙwarewar jima'i. Zai iya samun tasiri mai kyau akan aikin jima'i ta hanyar kunna takamaiman hanyoyin jijiyoyi a cikin tsarin tsakiya da na tsakiya da kuma daidaita masu amfani da kwayoyin halitta da masu karɓa, samar da sababbin damar inganta lafiyar jima'i.
A cikin bincike kan kiba da lafiyar jiki, Melanota kuma yana nuna fa'idodi masu fa'ida. Yana iya iya daidaita makamashi metabolism da zafin jiki na jiki kuma yana da wani tasiri na ingantawa akan rashin aikin nama na adipose a cikin kiba. Yana ba da sabon jagorar bincike don maganin kiba da kula da lafiyar lafiyar jiki, wanda ke taimakawa ga haɓaka sabbin dabarun jiyya da haɓaka yanayin lafiyar marasa lafiya.
Game da Marubuci
Abubuwan da aka ambata a sama duk bincike ne, gyara su kuma Cocer Peptides ne suka haɗa su.
Mawallafin Jaridar Kimiyya
Cousen, P shine mai bincike tare da mayar da hankali na farko a fagen Allergy na Dermatology. Ayyukansa a cikin wannan yanki yana da alaƙa da ƙungiyoyi da yawa, ciki har da South Tees Hosp NHS Fdn Trust, James Cook University Hospital, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Jami'ar Sheffield, da Chesterfield Royal Hosp. Bayan ƙwarewarsa a cikin Allergy Dermatology, Cousen, P's bincike sha'awa da kuma ayyuka iya kara zuwa alaka da yankunan kamar immunology, ba da asali alaka tsakanin rashin lafiyan halayen da tsarin rigakafi. Wannan na iya haɗawa da nazarin martanin rigakafin da ke haifar da yanayin rashin lafiyar fata da kuma bincika sabbin hanyoyin warkewa don daidaita waɗannan martanin.
Bugu da ƙari, bincikensa na iya haɗawa da gwaje-gwajen asibiti don sababbin jiyya na dermatological, nazarin aikin shingen fata da rawar da take takawa wajen rigakafin rashin lafiyar jiki, da kuma binciken abubuwan da ke haifar da kwayoyin halitta da ke sa mutane su fuskanci rashin lafiyar fata. Bugu da ƙari kuma, la'akari da nau'i-nau'i daban-daban na bincike na kiwon lafiya, zai iya yin aiki tare da masana daga wasu fannoni kamar ilimin kimiyyar harhada magunguna, microbiology (nazarin tasirin microbiome na fata akan allergies), har ma da ilimin halin dan Adam (yana nazarin tasirin tunanin mutum na rashin lafiyar fata na kullum), don haka yana ba da gudummawa ga cikakkiyar fahimta da sarrafa yanayin rashin lafiyar dermatological. Cousen, P an jera shi a cikin ambaton ambaton [4].
