Thymulin 10mg ƒe atike

▎ Thymulin ƒe Dɔwɔɖoɖo

▎ Thymulin Ŋuti Numekuku

Nukae nye Thymulin ƒe numekuku?  

Numekuku le Thymulin ŋu dze egɔme kple dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo ƒe numekuku le nusiwo nana dɔlélenutsiŋutete te ŋu le thymulin me. Le ƒe 1970-awo me la, woɖe polypeptide sue sia si me amino acid 43 le la ɖe vovo tso nyitsu ƒe thymus me, eye wokpɔe be ewɔa akpa vevi aɖe le dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe vovototodedeameme me, vevietɔ le T lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsitsi dzi kpɔkpɔ me, si wɔe be wodze numekuku deto gɔme le Thymulin ŋu.  

Esi numekuku le ŋgɔ yim ta la, wokeke Thymulin ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖe enu vivivi. Menye ɖeko wòɖea ŋkɔxɔxɔ fiana le dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ me ko o, ke eɖea ŋutete gã aɖe fiana le lãmenugbagbeviwo ɖɔɖɔɖo, dɔdzẽ nutsitsi, kple fibrosis nutsitsi hã me. Nusiwo ŋu woke ɖo siawo na Thymulin ƒe numekukuwo xɔ dɔ vovovowo, eye dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo le eƒe atikewɔwɔ ƒe akpa siwo wòwɔna le dɔdzẽ ƒe dɔlélewo abe asrã kple lãmekawo ƒe ʋuʋu ene me, kpakple nɔnɔmewo abe dzitodzito ƒe abixɔxɔ kple COVID-19 ƒe kuxiwo ene me, si ɖo nukpɔsusu ƒe gɔmeɖoanyi na eƒe dɔdamɔnu zazã.  

Nukae nye Thymulin ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu?  

Mɔnu si Tsi Tre Ðe Dzoxɔxɔ Ŋu  

Dzoxɔxɔ ƒe Domenɔlawo ƒe Dodoɖeŋgɔ ƒe Mɔxexe: Thymulin ate ŋu aɖe dɔdzẽ ƒe domenɔlawo abe cytokines kple chemokines ene ƒe dodo dzi akpɔtɔ. Le dɔdzẽ ƒe ŋuɖoɖowo me la, domenɔla siawo dona le agbɔsɔsɔ me, si hea dɔdzẽ ƒe dzesiwo vɛ. Le kpɔɖeŋu me ^..  

Dɔlékuiwutikewo ƒe Dzidziɖedzi: Ate ŋu ana nusiwo tsia dzodzodzoetsitsi nu abe interleukin-10 (IL-10) ene hã nadzi ɖe edzi. IL-10 nye cytokine vevi aɖe si tsia dɔdzẽ nu si xea mɔ na dɔdzẽ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ eye wòɖea dɔdzẽ dzi kpɔtɔna. To IL-10 dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ me la, Thymulin kpena ɖe ŋutilãa ƒe dɔdzẽ ƒe dadasɔ ŋu eye wòxea mɔ na lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe gbegblẽ le dɔdzẽ si gbɔ eme ta ^[2]..  

Nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe Nuwo Kple Domeɖelawo ƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ: Thymulin te ŋu kpɔa molecule ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe dɔdzẽ dzi to nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe nuwɔna kple domenɔlawo dzi kpɔkpɔ me. Nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe nusiwo kpɔa domenyiŋusẽfianu siwo do ƒome kple dɔdzẽ ƒe ɖeɖefia dzi, eye Thymulin ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe nu siawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi, si ana protein siwo do ƒome kple dɔdzẽ ƒe wɔwɔme dzi naɖe akpɔtɔ eye wòakpɔ ŋusẽ si tsi tre ɖe dɔdzẽ ŋu ^[2]..  

Dɔlékuiwutike Siwo Wotsɔna Ðea Vevesese Gã Me  

Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe Akɔta ƒe Microglia Dzi: Le vevesese ƒe kpɔɖeŋu siwo me wowɔa dɔ le me la, Thymulin xea mɔ na aklã me microglia ƒe dɔwɔwɔ. Microglia va zua dɔ to dɔdzẽ ƒe nusiwo doa ŋusẽ ame dzi, si ɖea asi le dɔdzẽ ƒe domenɔla geɖe siwo nana vevesese ƒe dzedzeme nu sẽna ɖe edzi. Thymulin ɖea domenɔla siawo ƒe dodo dzi kpɔtɔna to microglial ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ me, si wɔnɛ be vevesese si gbɔ eme dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna. Le CFA-si wotsɔ wɔa dɔdzẽ ƒe kpɔɖeŋu me la, Thymulin ƒe atikewɔwɔ ɖe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe vevesese si gbɔ eme kple afɔ ƒe ʋuʋu dzi kpɔtɔ ŋutɔ esime wòɖe microglial ƒe dɔwɔwɔ si CFA hena vɛ dzi kpɔtɔ ^[1]. .

Akpa si wòwɔna le p38 MAPK ƒe Dzesiwo ƒe Mɔ dzi: Thymulin ɖea p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) ƒe phosphorylation dzi kpɔtɔna. p38 MAPK ƒe dzesimɔ le vevie ŋutɔ le dɔdzẽ kple vevesese ƒe dzesiwo nana me; eƒe phosphorylation naa dzesi molecule siwo le anyime la wɔa dɔ, si wɔnɛ be wowɔa domenɔla siwo naa dɔdzẽ kple vevesese si gbɔ eme. Thymulin ɖea dɔdzẽ ƒe vevesese dzi kpɔtɔna to mɔxexe ɖe p38 MAPK phosphorylation nu kple mɔxexe ɖe dzesimɔ sia nu ^{[1] .}.  

Dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe Mɔnu  

T Lymphocyte Differentiation: Thymulin nye lãmetsi si le vevie na T lymphocyte ƒe vovototodedeameme, si le vevie ŋutɔ na T lymphocytes ƒe tsitsi nyuie kple dɔwɔwɔ nyuie. Ekpɔa gome le T kpeɖeŋutɔ lãmenugbagbeviwo kple suppressor lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe sɔsɔme dzi kpɔkpɔ me, si wɔnɛ be dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nada asɔ eye wòali ke. Thymulin ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si mesɔ o ate ŋu ahe T lymphocyte ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie kple dɔléle siwo do ƒome kple dɔlélenutsiŋutete vɛ.  

Dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe Lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ Dzi Kpɔkpɔ: Le sisiblisi ƒe granuloma ƒe kpɔɖeŋu si bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) he vɛ me la, Thymulin ƒe 5CH ƒe tsinyenye ɖɔa teƒea kple ɖoɖowɔɖi ƒe phagocytes ƒe vovototodedeameme ɖo, edo B1 peritoneal stem cells ƒe vovototodedeameme ɖe ŋgɔ va zu phagocytes, eye wòdzi CD4+ kple CD80 T lymphocytes ƒe xexlẽme ɖe edzi le teƒea ƒe ʋumenugbagbeviɣiwo me nodes, si naa granulomatous inflammation ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyona ɖe edzi. Esia ɖee fia be Thymulin ɖɔa dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖo ^{[2] .} .  

Dɔwɔwɔ ƒe Mɔnu le Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe Dɔwɔɖoɖoa Ŋu  

Mɔ Eve ƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ: Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe Thymulin ƒe wɔwɔ kple eƒe dodo dzi vevie, eye ate ŋu awɔ dɔ abe hypophysiotropic peptide ene le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ hã dzi. Mɔ eve dzi ɖoɖowɔwɔ ƒe ƒomedodo sia ɖee fia be Thymulin wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo kple dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe kadodo me, si kpena ɖe ame ŋu be ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ bliboa nada asɔ le ŋutilãa me ^[3]..  

Nukae nye Thymulin ƒe dɔwɔwɔ?  

Dɔlélenutsitsi ƒe Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi  

Vevesese si tsoa dɔdzẽ me dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ: Le sisiblisi ƒe dɔdzẽ ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo me (abe dɔdzẽ ƒe kpɔɖeŋu si CFA hena vɛ ene) la, Thymulin dodo ɖe dɔgboa me ɖe dzoxɔxɔ ƒe vevesese si gbɔ eme si CFA hena vɛ kple afɔkpodzi ƒe ʋuʋu dzi kpɔtɔ ŋutɔ. Molekyulãwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ŋuti numekukuwo ɖee fia be Thymulin ɖe microglial ƒe dɔwɔwɔ si CFA hena vɛ, p38 MAPK phosphorylation, kple spinal pro-inflammatory cytokine (le kpɔɖeŋu me, TNF-α, IL-6) wɔwɔ dzi kpɔtɔ, si wɔe be wòɖe dɔdzẽ dzi kpɔtɔ eye wòɖe vevesese ƒe dzesiwo dzi kpɔtɔ ^[1]..  

Yaƒoƒomɔ̃ ƒe Dɔdzẽ ƒe Nyonyome: Le dodokpɔ aɖe si wowɔ le sisiblisi ƒe kpɔɖeŋu si wowɔ le asrã si ŋu nulɔdɔ le ŋu me la, Thymulin domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe dɔdamɔnu si DNA nanoparticles domenɔlae xe mɔ na aklã me dɔdzẽ. DNA nanoparticles ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme ɖeka si tsɔ Thymulin plasmid xe mɔ na dɔdzẽ ƒe ŋuɖoɖowo le ovalbumin-challenged allergic asthma mice ƒe lãkusiwo me, si me dɔdzẽ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe gege ɖe lãme na ame dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ kple lãkusi ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyo ɖe edzi ^[4] (Da SA, 2014). Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, asrã si woɖo anyi bliboe ƒe dɔdamɔnu to ʋuka me kple Thymulin-ɖea plasmid si wotsɔ to nanoparticles dzi na dɔléle ƒe nɔnɔme vevi siwo le dɔdzẽ si nɔa anyi didi le asrã ƒe lãkusiwo me le ŋkeke 20 megbe, si domenɔlae nye atikewɔwɔa ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi siwo tsi tre ɖe dɔdzẽ kple esiwo tsi tre ɖe fibrotic ŋu ƒe ƒuƒoƒo ^{[4] .}.  

Figure 1 Domenɔla siwo do ƒome kple asrã ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme le BALF me. Wotsɔ ELISA (n = 6 mice le ƒuƒoƒo ɖesiaɖe me) bu TH2 cytokines siwo doa ŋusẽ dɔléle, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye (A) IL-4 kple (B) IL-13, (C) anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, kple profibrotic cytokines, siwo dome (D) VEGF kple (E) TGF-β) ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme.  

Dzɔtsoƒe: PubMed ^{[4] .}

Dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi  

Granulomatous Dɔdzẽ ƒe Dɔwɔnawo Dzi Kpɔkpɔ: Le BCG-si wotsɔ wɔ mouse granuloma ƒe kpɔɖeŋu me la, homeopathic 5CH-diluted Thymulin ɖɔa vovototodedeameme le teƒea kple ɖoɖowɔɖi ƒe phagocytes kple T lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ʋuʋu yi teƒea ƒe ʋukawo me ŋu, si wɔe be granulomatous ƒe dɔdzẽ ƒe ɖoɖoa nyo ɖe edzi. Etɔxɛe la, le ŋkeke 21 ƒe dɔlélea xɔxɔ megbe la, mice siwo wotsɔ Thymulin da dɔe ɖe vovototodedeameme si lolo wu fia le B1 peritoneal stem cells ƒe vovototodedeameme me va zu phagocytes, phagocytes siwo ŋu dɔlélea le ƒe xexlẽme dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ le abiwo me (si fia be dɔlélea dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ), eye B1-derived phagocytes, CD4+, kple CD8+ T lymphocytes ƒe xexlẽme dzi ɖe edzi le nutoa me ʋuka siwo me ʋu sina tona ^{[4] .}.

Dodokpɔ ƒe Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Dzesiwo ƒe Gbɔdzɔe: Le sisiblisi ƒe kpɔɖeŋu si nye dodokpɔ ƒe autoimmune encephalomyelitis (rEAE) si gbugbɔna gbugbɔna ƒe kpɔɖeŋu me la, Thymulin si bla ɖe polybutylcyanoacrylate (PBCA) nanoparticles ŋu ɖe rEAE ƒe dzesiwo dzi kpɔtɔ ŋutɔ, eɖe plasma cytokine ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi kpɔtɔ, eye wòɖe NF-κB dzi kpɔtɔ kple SAPK/JNK cascade ƒe dɔwɔwɔ. Thymulin ɖɔa NF-κB mɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖo to RelA/p65 protein ƒe teƒe tɔxɛ ƒe phosphorylation (le Ser276 kple Ser536 teƒewo), eye Thymulin si bla ɖe nanoparticle ŋu wɔ dɔ wu Thymulin si le ablɔɖe me, si do ŋugbe be enye dɔléle sia ƒe atike si woate ŋu akpɔ mɔ na ^[5]..  

Anti-Fibrotic Effects: Le asrã si ŋu nulɔdɔ le ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo me la, menye ɖeko Thymulin ɖea dɔdzẽ dzi kpɔtɔna ko o, ke exea mɔ na aklã me fibrosis hã. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, DNA nanoparticle-mediated Thymulin domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe atikewɔwɔ xe mɔ na collagen ƒe sisi kple lãmeka gbadzawo ƒe dzidziɖedzi le sisiblisi ƒe lãkusi me, eye asrã si woɖo anyi dada kple Thymulin-ɖea plasmid si wotsɔna toa nanoparticles dzi na aklã me fibrosis sɔ, si ɖee fia be Thymulin xea mɔ na lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe fibrosis eye wòkpena ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe wɔwɔme kple dɔwɔwɔ ŋu wònyona ɖe edzi ^{[4, 6]}.

Dɔwɔwɔ si ate ŋu anɔ COVID-19 dada me: Le COVID-19 dɔvɔ̃a me la, numekukuwo do susua ɖa be Thymulin ate ŋu anye atike na COVID-19 dɔlékui sesẽwo. Cytokine storm syndrome si tsoa dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie ta nye mɔnu vevi siwo hea ku vɛ le COVID-19 dɔnɔ sesẽwo me la dometɔ ɖeka, eye dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ ate ŋu aɖe ku dzi akpɔtɔ. Abe thymic peptide ene la, Thymulin do ŋugbe na COVID-19 dɔlékui sesẽwo dada to cytokine ahomwo dzi ɖuɖu me ^[7]..  

Nyanuwuwuw

Thymulin ɖea dɔlékuiwutike, dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, kple fibrotic ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi fiana, si te ŋu ɖea dɔdzẽ ƒe vevesese dzi kpɔtɔna, enaa yaƒoƒomɔ̃ ƒe dɔdzẽ kple aklã me fibrosis nyona ɖe edzi, eɖea rEAE ƒe dzesiwo dzi kpɔtɔna, eye wòɖɔa dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe vovototodedeameme le granulomas me ɖo. Wozãe to nanoparticle delivery kple mɔnu bubuwo dzi, eɖee fia be ewɔa dɔ nyuie le dɔlélewo abe allergic asthma ene me eye ŋutete le esi be wòada COVID-19 cytokine ahomwo.

Le Agbalẽŋlɔla La Ŋu

Nusiwo míeyɔ ɖe etame la katã nye esiwo ŋu Cocer Peptides wɔ numekuku le, trɔ asi le wo ŋu eye woƒo wo nu ƒu.

Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ƒe Agbalẽŋlɔla

Adriana Lopes da Silva nye agbalẽnyala si kpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe amewo dzi ŋutɔ le atikewɔwɔ kple numekuku me. Ewɔ ɖeka kple dɔwɔƒe xɔŋkɔ geɖe, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye Kɔdzi Israelita Albert Einstein, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Queensland Yunivɛsiti, Toronto Yunivɛsiti, kple Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. FAPERJ hã doa alɔe. Eƒe numekuku ƒe didiwo keke ta le General & Internal Medicine, Respiratory System, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, kple Physiology me. Nusɔsrɔ̃ ƒe akpa siawo le vevie ŋutɔ na amegbetɔ ƒe lãmesẽ kple atikewɔwɔ ŋuti sidzedze dodo ɖe ŋgɔ.Woŋlɔ Adriana Lopes da Silva ŋkɔ ɖe nyayɔyɔ ƒe nyatakaka me [6].

▎ Nyayɔyɔ Siwo Sɔ

[1] Nasseri B, Zaringhalam J, Daniali S, kple ame bubuwo. Thymulin zazã ɖea dɔdzẽ ƒe vevesese dzi kpɔtɔna to asitɔtrɔ le aklã ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo kple molecule ƒe dzesimɔwo ŋu me[J]. Dukɔwo Dome Dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe Atikeŋutinunya, 2019,70:225-234.DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.042.

[2] Haddad JJE, ENES, Garabedian B S. Thymulin: Dɔlékuiwutike si le dodom[J]. Fifia Atikewɔwɔ ƒe Dzɔdzɔmeŋusẽŋununya - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents, 2005,4:333-338. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55757311. Ƒe 1999 ƒe ɣleti gbãtɔ me.

[3] Bonamin L, Sato C, Santana F, kple ame bubuwo. Vovototo kple tɔtrɔ le phagocyte ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me le murine granuloma me le atikewɔwɔ kple thymulin 5cH[J] megbe. Dukɔwo Dome Nyadzɔdzɔgbalẽ si Ku Ðe Dilution Kɔkɔe Ŋuti Numekuku Ŋu - ISSN 1982-6206, 2021,11:148.DOI:10.51910/ijhdr.v11i40.580.

[4] Da S. A., Martini S. V., Abreu S. C., kple ame bubuwo. DNA nanoparticle-mediated thymulin domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe atikewɔwɔ xea mɔ na yaƒoƒomɔ̃ ƒe tɔtrɔ le dodokpɔ me nulɔdɔ ƒe asrã me[J]. Journal of Dziɖuɖu ƒe asiɖeɖe le eŋu, 2014, 180: 125-133.DOI: 10.1016 / j.jconrel.2014.02.010.

[5] Lunin S. M., Khrenov M. O., Glushkova O. V., kple ame bubuwo. Takpɔkpɔ ƒe Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi si PBCA Nanoparticles Loaded with Thymulin Ðe Dodokpɔ ƒe Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis ƒe Nɔnɔme Gbugbɔgadzɔ Ŋu le Mice [J]. Dukɔwo Dome Nyadzɔdzɔgbalẽ si Ku Ðe Molekyulãŋutinunya Ŋu, 2019,20 (21).DOI:10.3390/ijms20215374.

[6] Da S. A., de Oliveira G. P., Kim N., kple ame bubuwo. Thymulin domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe atikewɔwɔ si wotu ɖe nanoparticle dzi trɔa asi le dɔléle vevi siwo le dodokpɔ me ƒe asrã si ŋu nulɔdɔ le ŋu le atikewɔwɔ me[J]. Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ƒe Ŋgɔyiyi, 2020,6 (24): eaay7973.DOI: 10.1126 / scadv.aay7973.

[7] Vishal C, Ajay K, Tech KR M. Thymulin—mɔkpɔkpɔ si do le aɖaka me le COVID-19 ƒe afɔkua me, 2020[C]. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID: 231646690. Ƒe 1999 ƒe ɣleti gbãtɔ me

NYATAKAKAWO KPLE NUSIWO WOTSƆ ƑE NYATAKAKA SIWO KAtã WOÐO LE NYATAKAKADZRAÐOƑE SIA ME LA KPLE NYATAKAKAWO kaka KPLEE NUFIAFIA ƑE TAÐOÐOWO KO.  

Wotrɔ asi le atike siwo wona le nyatakakadzraɖoƒe sia ŋu na numekuku le vitro ɖeɖeko. Wowɔa numekuku le vitro (Latingbe me: *le ahuhɔ̃e me*, si gɔmee nye le ahuhɔ̃e me) le amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã godo. Atike siawo menye atikewo o, United States ƒe Nuɖuɖu Kple Atike Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (FDA) meda asi ɖe wo dzi o, eye mele be woazã wo atsɔ axe mɔ ɖe atikewɔwɔ, dɔléle, alo dɔléle aɖeke nu, adae, alo adae o. Se de se vevie be woatsɔ atike siawo ade amegbetɔ alo lãwo ƒe ŋutilã me le mɔ ɖesiaɖe nu.