Thymulin 10 mg

▎ Thymulin Structure

▎ Thymulin Kev Tshawb Fawb

Kev tshawb fawb keeb kwm ntawm Thymulin yog dab tsi?  

Kev tshawb fawb ntawm Thymulin pib nrog cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb fawb txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv cov tshuaj thymic extracts. Nyob rau xyoo 1970, qhov me me polypeptide no muaj li ntawm 43 amino acids raug cais tawm ntawm bovine thymus, thiab nws tau pom los ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib txawv, tshwj xeeb hauv kev tswj T cell, yog li pib tshawb fawb tob txog Thymulin.  

Nrog rau kev tshawb fawb ua ntej, kev ua haujlwm ntawm Thymulin tau maj mam nthuav dav. Nws tsis tsuas yog qhia tau hais tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tiv thaiv kab mob, tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kho cov ntaub so ntswg, tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab tiv thaiv fibrosis. Cov kev tshawb pom no tau ua rau kev tshawb fawb Thymulin kom nthuav dav ntau yam kev qhuab qhia, nrog cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb nrhiav nws txoj haujlwm kho mob hauv cov kab mob xws li mob hawb pob thiab ntau yam sclerosis, nrog rau cov xwm txheej zoo li mob myocardial raug mob thiab COVID-19 teeb meem, tso lub hauv paus theoretical rau nws cov kev siv tshuaj kho mob.  

Yuav ua li cas yog lub mechanism ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Thymulin?  

Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism  

Inhibition of Inflammatory Mediator Release: Thymulin tuaj yeem txo qis kev tso tawm ntawm cov tshuaj kho mob xws li cytokines thiab chemokines. Thaum lub sij hawm inflammatory teb, cov neeg kho kom haum xeeb no muaj ntau tso tawm, ua rau cov tsos mob inflammatory. Piv txwv li, hauv tus qauv nas ntawm qhov mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua tiav Freund's adjuvant (CFA), Thymulin kev kho mob txo qis kev tsim cov leeg txha caj qaum xws li qog nqaij hlav necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) thiab interleukin-6 (IL-6), yog li alleviating inflammatory teb ^[1].  

Upregulation of Anti-Inflammatory Factors: Nws kuj tuaj yeem kho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob xws li interleukin-10 (IL-10). IL-10 yog ib qho tseem ceeb tiv thaiv kab mob cytokine uas inhibits kev ua ntawm cov hlwb inflammatory thiab txo qhov mob. Los ntawm upregulating IL-10, Thymulin pab tswj lub cev inflammatory tshuav nyiaj li cas thiab tiv thaiv cov ntaub so ntswg puas los ntawm ntau o ^[2].  

Kev tswj hwm ntawm Cov Txheej Txheem Kev Hloov Pauv thiab Cov Neeg Nruab Nrab: Thymulin ua tiav kev tswj hwm molecular ntawm o los ntawm kev tswj hwm cov ntsiab lus hloov pauv thiab cov neeg nruab nrab. Cov kev hloov pauv tau tswj hwm qhov kev qhia ntawm cov noob caj ces, thiab Thymulin tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov haujlwm ntawm cov yam ntxwv no, yog li txo cov synthesis ntawm cov proteins uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov mob thiab ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kab mob ^[2].  

Antihyperalgesic Mechanism  

Cov teebmeem ntawm Spinal Microglia: Hauv cov qauv mob inflammatory, Thymulin inhibits kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus txha caj qaum microglia. Microglia ua kom qhib los ntawm inflammatory stimuli, tso ntau yam inflammatory mediators uas exacerbate mob xaav. Thymulin txo qhov kev tso tawm ntawm cov neeg kho kom haum xeeb los ntawm kev txo qis microglial activation, yog li txo qis hyperalgesia. Hauv CFA-induced inflammatory nas qauv, Thymulin kev kho mob txo qis thermal hyperalgesia thiab paw edema thaum txo qis CFA-induced microglial activation ^[1] .

Lub luag haujlwm hauv p38 MAPK Txoj Kev Qhia Tawm: Thymulin txo cov phosphorylation ntawm p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Txoj kev p38 MAPK teeb liab yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev mob thiab qhov mob; Nws phosphorylation activates ib tug series ntawm downstream signaling molecules, ua rau zus tau tej cov inflammatory mediators thiab hyperalgesia. Thymulin alleviates inflammatory mob los ntawm inhibiting p38 MAPK phosphorylation thiab thaiv txoj kev taw qhia ^[1].  

Immunomodulatory Mechanism  

T Lymphocyte Differentiation: Thymulin yog cov tshuaj hormones tseem ceeb rau T lymphocyte sib txawv, tseem ceeb rau kev loj hlob ib txwm thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm T lymphocytes. Nws koom nrog kev tswj hwm qhov piv ntawm T pab hlwb rau cov hlwb suppressor, pab txhawb kev sib npaug thiab kev ruaj ntseg ntawm lub cev. Cov qib Thymulin txawv txav tuaj yeem ua rau T lymphocyte tsis ua haujlwm thiab cov kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob.  

Kev tswj hwm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob: Hauv tus qauv nas granuloma raug ntxias los ntawm bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), 5CH dilution ntawm Thymulin tswj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov phagocytes hauv zos thiab cov kab ke, txhawb kev sib txawv ntawm B1 peritoneal qia hlwb rau hauv phagocytes, thiab nce cov lymphocytes hauv zos thiab CD4 ⁺. nodes, txhim kho cov txheej txheem granulomatous o. Qhov no qhia tias Thymulin tswj kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ^[2] .  

Mechanism of Action ntawm Neuroendocrine System  

Txoj Cai Bidirectional: Kev tsim tawm thiab tso tawm ntawm Thymulin tau cuam tshuam los ntawm cov kab mob neuroendocrine, thiab nws tuaj yeem ua raws li hypophysiotropic peptide ntawm cov kab mob neuroendocrine. Qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob txoj kev tswj hwm no qhia tias Thymulin ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov neuroendocrine thiab lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, pab tswj tag nrho lub cev sib npaug hauv lub cev ^[3].  

Dab tsi yog qhov kev siv ntawm Thymulin?  

Anti-Inflammatory Effects  

Relief of Inflammatory Pain: Hauv cov qauv nas o (xws li CFA-induced o qauv), intraperitoneal txhaj ntawm Thymulin ho txo ​​tau CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia thiab paw edema. Kev tshawb fawb txog Molecular mechanism pom tias Thymulin txo CFA-induced microglial activation, p38 MAPK phosphorylation, thiab spinal pro-inflammatory cytokine (xws li, TNF-α, IL-6) ntau lawm, yog li txo qhov mob thiab txo cov tsos mob ^[1].  

Kev Txhim Kho Cov Kab Mob Hlwb: Hauv kev sim nas qauv ntawm kev ua xua mob hawb pob, Thymulin noob kho kho los ntawm DNA nanoparticles tiv thaiv kev mob ntsws. Ib koob ntawm DNA nanoparticles nqa cov Thymulin plasmid thaiv cov lus teb rau hauv lub ntsws ntawm ovalbumin-chaw ua xua mob hawb pob nas, suav nrog txo cov kab mob ntawm tes infiltration thiab txhim kho lub ntsws mechanics ^[4] (Da SA, 2014). Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kho mob intratracheal ntawm kev tsim muaj mob hawb pob nrog Thymulin-expressing plasmid xa los ntawm nanoparticles normalized cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb ntawm kev mob ntsws asthmatic tom qab 20 hnub, kho los ntawm kev kho mob ua ke los tiv thaiv kev mob thiab tiv thaiv fibrotic ^[4].  

Daim duab 1 Quantification of asthma-related mediators in the BALF. Cov theem ntawm pro-inflammatory TH2 cytokines, suav nrog (A) IL-4 thiab (B) IL-13, (C) cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob cytokine, IL-10, thiab profibrotic cytokines, suav nrog (D) VEGF thiab (E) TGF-β, tau ntsuas los ntawm ELISA (n = 6 nas ib pawg).  

Source: PubMed ^[4]

Immunomodulatory teebmeem  

Kev tswj ntawm Granulomatous Inflamation Processes: Hauv BCG-induced nas granuloma qauv, homeopathic 5CH-diluted Thymulin tswj qhov sib txawv ntawm cov phagocytes hauv zos thiab cov kab mob T cell tsiv mus rau cov qog nqaij hlav hauv zos, yog li txhim kho cov txheej txheem granulomatous o. Tshwj xeeb, tom qab 21 hnub ntawm kev kis tus kab mob, Thymulin-kho nas pom qhov siab siab dua hauv kev sib txawv ntawm B1 peritoneal qia hlwb rau hauv phagocytes, txo tus lej ntawm cov kab mob phagocytes hauv qhov txhab (qhia txog kev kis kab mob), thiab nce tus naj npawb ntawm B1-derived phagocytes, CD4⁺ hauv zos, thiab tsis muaj CD4 ⁺ ^,.

Relief of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Symptoms: Nyob rau hauv tus qauv nas ntawm relapsing-remitting sim autoimmune encephalomyelitis (rEAE), Thymulin khi rau polybutylcyanoacrylate (PBCA) nanoparticles txo qis cov tsos mob rEAE, thiab txo qis k. SAPK/JNK cascade activation. Thymulin tswj NF-κB txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm los ntawm qhov chaw tshwj xeeb phosphorylation ntawm RelA / p65 protein (ntawm Ser276 thiab Ser536 qhov chaw), thiab nanoparticle-bound Thymulin tau zoo dua li dawb Thymulin, tuav cov lus cog tseg raws li kev kho mob rau tus kab mob no ^[5].  

Anti-Fibrotic Effects: Hauv cov qauv kev ua xua mob hawb pob, Thymulin tsis tsuas yog txo qhov mob xwb tab sis kuj inhibited pulmonary fibrosis. Piv txwv li, DNA nanoparticle-mediated Thymulin noob therapy tiv thaiv collagen deposition thiab du nqaij hypertrophy hauv nas ntsws, thiab kho mob hawb pob nrog Thymulin-expressing plasmid xa los ntawm nanoparticles normalized pulmonary fibrosis, qhia tias Thymulin inhibits cov nqaij mos fibrosis thiab pab txhim kho cov ntaub so ntswg qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ^{[4, 6]}.

Daim Ntawv Thov Muaj Peev Xwm Hauv Kev Kho Tus Kab Mob Khaus Viv-19 (COVID-19): Thaum lub sij hawm COVID-19 muaj thoob qhov txhia chaw, cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom zoo tias Thymulin tej zaum yuav yog ib qho kev kho mob rau cov mob hnyav COVID-19. Cytokine cua daj cua dub vim yog kev tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ua rau tuag rau cov neeg mob hnyav COVID-19, thiab kev tswj hwm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem txo cov neeg tuag. Raws li thymic peptide, Thymulin tau cog lus rau kev kho mob hnyav rau COVID-19 los ntawm kev tswj cov cua daj cua dub cytokine ^[7].  

Xaus

Thymulin nthuav tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, immunomodulatory, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv fibrotic, muaj peev xwm txo tau qhov mob, txhim kho cov hlab ntsws o thiab pulmonary fibrosis, alleviating rEAE cov tsos mob, thiab tswj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob sib txawv hauv granulomas. Siv los ntawm kev xa khoom nanoparticle thiab lwm txoj hauv kev, nws tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov kab mob xws li kev ua xua mob hawb pob thiab tuav lub peev xwm los kho COVID-19 cytokine cua daj cua dub.

Hais Txog Tus Sau

Cov ntaub ntawv hais saum toj no yog txhua yam tshawb fawb, kho thiab sau los ntawm Cocer Peptides.

Scientific Journal Author

Adriana Lopes da Silva yog ib tus kws tshawb fawb muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev kho mob thiab kev tshawb fawb. Nws koom nrog ntau lub tsev muaj koob npe, suav nrog Tsev Kho Mob Israelita Albert Einstein, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, University of Queensland, University of Toronto, thiab Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Nws kuj tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm FAPERJ. Nws txoj kev tshawb fawb tau nthuav dav thoob plaws General & Internal Medicine, Respiratory System, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, thiab Physiology. Cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev kawm no yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nce qib ntawm tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev paub txog kev kho mob.Adriana Lopes da Silva tau teev nyob rau hauv kev siv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj [6].

▎ Cov Lus Qhia Tseem Ceeb

[1] Nasseri B, Zaringhalam J, Daniali S, et al. Kev kho Thymulin txo qis qhov mob inflammatory los ntawm kev hloov kho cov leeg txha caj qaum thiab cov kab mob molecular [J]. International Immunopharmacology, 2019,70:225-234.DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.042.

[2] Haddad JJE, ENES, Garabedian B. S. Thymulin: Ib qho Kev Tawm Tsam Tawm Tsam Kab Mob Hlwb [J]. Tam sim no Medicinal Chemistry - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents, 2005, 4: 333-338. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55757311.

[3] Bonamin L, Sato C, Santana F, et al. Kev sib txawv thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm kev ua phagocyte hauv murine granuloma tom qab kho nrog thymulin 5cH [J]. International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206, 2021,11:148.DOI:10.51910/ijhdr.v11i40.580.

[4] Da SA, Martini SV, Abreu SC, et al. DNA nanoparticle-mediated thymulin gene therapy tiv thaiv txoj kev kho cua hauv kev sim ua xua mob hawb pob [J]. Phau ntawv Journal of Controlled Release, 2014,180:125-133.DOI:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.02.010.

[5] Lunin SM, Khrenov MO, Glushkova OV, et al. Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov nyhuv ntawm PBCA Nanoparticles Loaded nrog Thymulin Tawm tsam Relapsing-Remitting Daim Ntawv Qhia Txog Kev Mob autoimmune Encephalomyelitis hauv nas[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2019,20(21).DOI:10.3390/ijms20215374.

[6] Da SA, de Oliveira GP, Kim N, et al. Nanoparticle-based thymulin gene therapy therapeutically reverses key pathology of experimental allergic asthma [J]. Science Advances, 2020,6(24):eaay7973.DOI:10.1126/sciadv.aay7973.

[7] Vishal C, Ajay K, Tech KR M. Thymulin—kev cia siab tawm ntawm lub npov hauv kev puas tsuaj COVID-19, 2020[C]. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:231646690

Tag nrho cov kab lus thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov khoom lag luam muab rau ntawm lub vev xaib no tsuas yog rau cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm kev tshaj tawm thiab cov hom phiaj kev kawm.  

Cov khoom muab rau hauv lub vev xaib no yog npaj tshwj xeeb rau kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro. Kev tshawb fawb hauv vitro (Latin: * hauv iav *, lub ntsiab lus hauv iav) yog ua los ntawm tib neeg lub cev. Cov khoom no tsis yog tshuaj, tsis tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), thiab yuav tsum tsis txhob siv los tiv thaiv, kho, lossis kho txhua yam mob, kab mob, lossis mob. Nws raug txwv nruj raws li txoj cai los qhia cov khoom no rau hauv tib neeg lossis tsiaj lub cev hauv txhua daim ntawv.