Taymulin 10mg

▎ we di Taymulin gɛt Di Strukchɔ

▎ bɔt Taymulin Risach

Wetin na di risach bakgrɔn fɔ Thymulin?  

Risach pan Taymulin bigin wit sayɛnsman dɛn we dɛn de fɛn di imyunokɔmpɛtɛnt kɔmpɔnɛnt dɛn na di taymik ɛkstrakt dɛn. insay di 1970 dεm, dεn bin aylכt dis sכmכl polipεptida we kכmכp fכ 43 amino asid dεm frכm bovin taymus, εn dεn bin dכn fכ no se i de ple imכtant rol fכ di imyun sεl difrεns, patikyuכl fכ rεgεl di T sεl divεlכpmεnt, so dat i bigin dip risεch pan Taymulin.  

Wit di advans risach, di wok dεm we Thymulin de du dεn dכn bכku sכmtεm. i nכ de sho se i de sho se i de prominεns pan imyun rεguleshכn bכt i de sho bak se i gεt bכku pכtεnshal fכ ripa di tisu, anti-inflameshכn, εn anti-fibrosis. Dɛn tin ya we dɛn dɔn fɛn dɔn mek Thymulin risach fɔ span bɔku disiplin dɛm, wit sayɛnsman dɛm we de ɛksplɔrɔ in tritmɛnt rol dɛm pan inflammatory sik dɛm lɛk asma ɛn multiple sclerosis, ɛn bak kɔndishɔn dɛm lɛk mayokardial injuri ɛn COVID-19 kɔmplikeshɔn dɛm, we de lay wan tiori fawndeshɔn fɔ in klinik aplikeshɔn dɛm.  

Wetin na di we aw Taymulin de wok?  

Anti-Inflammatory Mekanism we de mek pɔsin gɛt sik  

inhibishכn fכ Inflammatory Mεdiεta Rilis: Taymulin kin dכwnrεgul di rilis fכ inflammatory mεdiate lεk saytokεn dεm εn kεmokin dεm. di tεm we di inflammatory rεspכns dεm de, dεn mεdiate dεm ya de rilis bכku bכku wan, we de trigεr inflammatory simptom dεm. fכ egzampl, insay wan rat mכdel fכ inflameshn we komplit Freund in adjuvant (CFA) indyuz, Thymulin tritmεnt rεdכks di prodyushכn fכ spεnal pro-inflammatory cytokines lεk tumor nεkrכsis fכktכ-α (TNF-α) εn intalyukin-6 (IL-6), we de mek di inflammatory rεspכns sכmtεm ^{[1] .}.  

כprεgulεshכn fכ di anti-inflammatory fכktכ dεm: i kin כprεgulεt anti-inflammatory fכktכ dεm lεk intalyukin-10 (IL-10). IL-10 na imכtant anti-inflammatory cytokine we de inhibit di aktiviti fכ inflammatory sεl dεm εn de ridyus inflammatory. bay we i de upregulate IL-10, Thymulin de εp fכ mεnten di bכdi in inflammatory bεlε εn i de mek di tisu dεm dεm we de fכm pasmak ^{[2] .}.  

rεgulεshכn fכ di transkripshכn fכktכ dεm εn mεdiate dεm: taymulin de achy mכlikul kכntrכl fכ inflameshn tru rεgulεshכn fכ transkripshכn fכktכ dεm εn mεdiate dεm. transkripshכn fכktכ dεm de gεvכn di εksprεshכn fכ inflameshn-rεlatεd jin dεm, εn Thymulin kin infכlכ di aktiviti fכ dεn fכs fכs, we de ridyus di sεntesis fכ inflameshn-rilayt protin dεm εn achy anti-inflammatory ifekt dεm ^[2]..  

Antihayparaljɛsik Mɛkanism  

di ifekt dεm pan di spεnal maykroglia: insay inflammatory pen mכdel dεm, Thymulin de inhεbit di aktibכshכn fכ di spεnal maykroglia. di maykroglia de bi aktibכt bay inflammatory stimuli, we de rilis mכltipכl inflammatory mεdiate dεm we de mek di pen pwεl bכku. taymulin de ridyus di rilis fכ dεn mεdiate dεm bay we i de dכn di maykroglial aktibכshכn, we de mek i sכmtεm di haypa aljesia. insay wan CFA-indyuz inflammatory rat mכdel, Thymulin tritmεnt sכmtεm rεdכks tεmral hayparaljεsia εn paw εdima we i de dεkrεs CFA-indyus maykroglial aktibכshכn ^[1]. .

Rol in di p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway: Taymulin de dכn di fכsfכrayleshכn fכ p38 maytojen-aktiv protin kinaz (p38 MAPK). di p38 MAPK signal path na implεnt fכ inflammatory εn pen signal; in fכsfכrayleshכn de aktibכt wan siriכs dכwnstrim signal mכlikul dεm, we de lid to di prodyushכn fכ inflammatory mεdiate dεm εn hayparaljεsia. taymulin de εliviet inflammatory pen bay we i de inhεbit p38 MAPK fכsfכrayleshכn εn blכk dis signal path ^[1]..  

Imyunmodulatori Mεkanism  

T Limfosayt difrεns: Taymulin na כmon we implεnt fכ di T limfosayt difrεns, we rili implεnt fכ di nכmal divεlכpmεnt εn fכnshכnal mεntenans fכ di T limfosayt dεm. i de tek pat fכ rεgεl di rεshכn fכ di T εlp sεl dεm to di supεr sεl dεm, we de kכntribyut to di bεlε εn stεbiliti fכ di imyun sistεm. di abnכmal Thymulin lεvεl kin mek di T limfosayt dεm nכ de wok fayn εn sik dεm we de fכm di imyun.  

rεgulεshכn fכ di imyun sεl fכnshכn: insay wan maws granuloma mכdel we bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) indyuz, wan 5CH dilushכn fכ Thymulin rεgul di difrεns fכ lokal εn sistεmik fagosayt dεm, promuot di difrεns fכ B1 pεritoneal stεm sεl dεm insay fagosayt dεm, εn inkrεs di nכmba fכ CD4+ εn CD80 T limfosayt dεm na lokal limfosayt dεm no dεm, we de impruv di granulomatous inflameshn prכsεs. dis sho se Thymulin de rεgεl di wok we di imyun sεl dεm de du ^{[2] .} .  

Mekanism fכ akshכn pan di Nyuroεndokrin Sistem  

baydayrekshכnal rεguleshכn: di prodakshכn εn sekreshכn fכ Thymulin de infכmeshכn bכku bכku wan bay di nyuroεndokrin sistεm, εn i kin akt bak lεk haypophysiotropik pεptida pan di nyuroεndokrin sistεm. dis baydayrekshכnal rεgεdyushכn rilayshכn de sho se Thymulin de ple wan kכl rol insay di intarakshכn bitwin di nyuroεndokrin εn imyun sistεm dεm, we de εp fכ mεnten di כvala fysiolojikal bεlε na di bכdi ^[3]..  

Wetin na di aplikeshɔn dɛn fɔ Taymulin?  

Ifɛkt dɛn we de mek pɔsin nɔ gɛt inflammatory  

Rilif fכ Inflammatory Pain: Insay rat inflameshn mכdel dεm (lεk di CFA-indyus inflameshn mכdel), intraperitoneal injεkshכn fכ Thymulin sכmtεm de εliviet CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia εn paw edema. mכlikul mεkanism stכdi dεm sho se Thymulin rεdכks CFA-indyus maykroglial aktibכshכn, p38 MAPK fכsfכrayleshכn, εn spεnal pro-inflammatory cytokine (eg, TNF-α, IL-6) prodakshכn, we de mitigate inflameshn εn rεliv pen sεmtכm dεm ^[1]..  

Improvement of Airway Inflammation: Insay wan ekspirimental maws mכdel fכ alerjik asma, Thymulin jin tεrapi we dεn mεdiet bay DNA nanopartikl dεm bin prεvεnt pulmonari inflameshn. wan singl dכz fכ DNA nanopartikl dεm we kכri di Thymulin plasmid blכk inflammatory rispכns dεm na di lכng dεm fכ ovalbumin-chalenj alerjik asma mays dεm, inklud fכ ridyus inflammatory sεl infiltrashכn εn impruv lכng mεkaniks ^[4] (Da SA, 2014). apat frכm dat, intratracheal tritmεnt fכ ful established asma wit Thymulin-εksprεs plasmid we dεn delivεr via nanopartikl dεm nכmal di ki patכlayz fכm dεm fכ krεse inflameshn insay asma lכng dεm afta 20 dez, we di tεrapi in kכmbayn anti-inflammatory εn anti-fibrotic ifekt dεm de mεdiet ^[4]..  

Figure 1 Kwantifikεshכn כf asma-rεlatεd mεdiate dεm na di BALF. di lεvεl dεm fכ pro-inflammatory TH2 saytokεn dεm, inklud (A) IL-4 εn (B) IL-13, (C) wan anti-inflammatory saytokεn, IL-10, εn profibrotik saytokεn dεm, inklud (D) VEGF εn (E) TGF-β, bin kwantifay bay ELISA (n = 6 mays pan wan grup).  

Sos: PubMed ^{[4] we dɛn pul am.}

Imyunmodulatory Efεkt dεm  

rεgulεshכn fכ Granulomatous Inflameshכn Prכsεs: Insay wan BCG-indyus maws granuloma mכdel, homyopatik 5CH-diluted Thymulin rεgul di difrεns fכ lokal εn sistεmik fagosayt dεm εn T sεl maygrεshכn to lokal limf no dεm, we de impruv di granulomatous inflameshn prכsεs. sכm spεshal, afta 21 dez we di infεkshכn, di mays dεm we dεn trit wit Thymulin sho hכy pik insay di difrεns fכ B1 pεritoneal stεm sεl dεm insay fagosayt dεm, ridyus di nכmba fכ infεkt fagosayt dεm na lεshכn (we sho se infεkshכn dεn dכn εlεviet), εn inkrεs nכmba fכ B1-dεriv fagosayt dεm, CD40, εn CD80 T limfosayt dεm insay di lokal limf no dεm ^{[4] .}.

Rilif fכ εkspiriεnshכn כtoimyun εnsefalomaylaytis Simptom dεm: Insay wan maws mכdel fכ rilaps-rεmitin εkspεriεns כtoimyun εnεsεfalomaylaytis (rEAE), Thymulin we bכnd to polybutylcyanoacrylate (PBCA) nanopartikl dεm sכmtεm εliviet rEAE simptom dεm, rεdכks plasma saytokin lεvεl, εn dεkrεs NF-κB ɛn SAPK/JNK kaskad aktiveshɔn. thymulin de rεgεl NF-κB pathεy aktiviti tru sayt-spεsifi k fכsfכrayleshכn fכ RelA/p65 protin (na Ser276 εn Ser536 sayt dεm), εn nanopartikl-bכnd Thymulin bin mכr ifektiv pas fri Thymulin, we de hכl prכmis as prospektiv tritmεnt fכ dis sik ^[5]..  

Anti-Fibrotic Effects: Insay alerjik asma mכdel dεm, Thymulin nכ nכ כnli ridyus inflameshn bכt i inhεbit pulmonary fibrosis. fכ egzampl, DNA nanopartikl-mεdiet Thymulin jin tεrapi prεvεnt kolagen dεposishכn εn smol mכsul haypatrכfi insay maws lכng dεm, εn trit established asma wit Thymulin-εksprεs plasmid we dεn delivεr via nanopartikl dεm nכmal pulmonary fibrosis, we sho se Thymulin de inhεbit tisu fכybrosis εn εp fכ impruv di tisu strכkchכ εn fכnshכn ^{[4, 6]}.

Potensial Aplikeshɔn fɔ COVID-19 Tritmɛnt: Insay di tɛm we COVID-19 pandemik de, stɔdi dɛn bin tɔk se Thymulin kin bi tritmɛnt fɔ siriɔs COVID-19 kes dɛm. Saytokin storm sindrom bikɔs ɔf di imyun disrɛgyuleshɔn na wan pan di impɔtant we dɛn we kin mek pipul dɛn day pan siriɔs COVID-19 pasɛnt dɛn, ɛn di imyun sistɛm rigyuleshɔn kin ridyus di pipul dɛn we de day. As thymic peptide, Thymulin de prɔmis fɔ trit siriɔs COVID-19 kes dɛm bay we i de kɔntrol saytokin storm ^[7]..  

Dɔn

thymulin de sho anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, εn anti-fibrotic ifekt dεm, we ebul fכ ridyus inflammatory pen, impruv di aywe inflameshn εn pulmonary fibrosis, εliviet rEAE simptom dεm, εn rεgεl imyun sεl difrεns insay granulomas. We dɛn yuz am bay we dɛn de gi am nanopartikl ɛn ɔda we dɛn, i dɔn sho se i wok fayn pan sik dɛn lɛk alɛji asma ɛn i gɛt pɔtnɛshɛl fɔ trit COVID-19 saytokɛn storm.

Bɔt di pɔsin we rayt di buk

Di tin dɛn we wi dɔn tɔk bɔt ɔp, na ɔl di tin dɛn we Cocer Peptides dɔn du risach, ɛdit ɛn kɔmpilayt.

Sayɛns Jɔnal Author

Adriana Lopes da Silva na wan masta sabi bukman we gɛt bɔku pawa pan mɛrɛsin ɛn risach. I gɛt fɔ du wit bɔku big big institiushɔn dɛn, lɛk di Ospital Izrɛlayt Albɛrt Aynstayn, Yunivasiti ɔf Ɛstadual de Santa Kruz, Yunivasiti ɔf Kwinslan, Yunivasiti ɔf Toronto, ɛn Yunivasiti Fɛdaral do Rio de Janeiro. Na FAPERJ de sɔpɔt am bak. In risach intɛres dɛn span akɔdin to Jɛnɛral & Intanɛt Mɛdisin, Respiratɔri Sistɛm, Famakɔlɔji & Famasi, ɛn Fisiɔlɔji. dis εria dεm fכ stכdi rili implεnt fכ advans mכtalman hεlth εn mεdikal no.Dεn list Adriana Lopes da Silva na di rεfrεns fכ saytεshכn [6].

▎ Saytayshɔn dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit dis

[1] Nasseri B, Zaringhalam J, Daniali S, ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. thymulin tritmεnt de atεnuet inflammatory pen bay we i de mכdulet spεnal sεlyul εn mכlikul signal path dεm[J]. Int ɛ rnash ɔ nal Imyunofarmak ɔ l ɔ ji, 2019, 70: 225-234.DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.042.

[2] Haddad JJE, ENES, Garabedian B S. Taymulin: Wan Imɛjin Anti-Inflammatory Mɔlikul[J]. Kɔrɛnt Mɛdisinal Kwɛstyɔn - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Alɛji Ejen, 2005,4:333-338. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55757311. Di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di Baybul.

[3] Bonamin L, Sato C, Santana F, ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. difrεns εn mכdulashכn fכ fagosayt aktvכti in mכrin granuloma afta tritmεnt wit taymulin 5cH[J]. Int ɛ rnash ɔ nal J ɔ rnal ɔ f Ay Dilushɔn Risach - ISSN 1982-6206, 2021,11:148.DOI:10.51910/ijhdr.v11i40.580.

[4] Da S. A., Martini S. V., Abreu S. C., ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. DNA nanoparticle-mediated thymulin jin tεrapi de prεvεnt di aywe rimכdelin in εkspεriεns alerjik asma[J]. J ɔ rnal ov Kɔntrold Rilis, 2014,180:125-133.DOI:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.02.010.

[5] Lunin S. M., Khrenov M. O., Glushkova O. V., ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. Protektiv Efεkt כf PBCA Nanopartikl dεm we Lod wit Thymulin Agens di Rilaps-Rεmitin Fכm כf εkspiriεnshכn כtoimyun εnεsεfalomaylaytis in Mays[J]. Int ɛ rnash ɔ nal J ɔ rnal ɔ f Mɔlikul Sayns, 2019,20(21).DOI:10.3390/ijms20215374.

[6] Da S. A., de Oliveira G. P., Kim N, ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. Nanoparticle-based thymulin jin tεrapi de tεrapi rivεs ki patכlayzm fכ εkspεriεns alerjik asma[J]. Sayns Advans, 2020,6(24):eaay7973.DOI:10.1126/sciadv.aay7973.

[7] Vishal C, Ajay K, Tech KR M. Thymulin—wan op we kɔmɔt na di bɔks insay di COVID-19 disasta, 2020[C]. https://api.semanticscholar.org/KɔpɔsID:231646690. Di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di Baybul

ƆL DI ATIKUL ƐN PRODƆKT INFƆMƐSHƆN WE DƐN GI NA DIS WƐBSAYT NA FƆ ƆL FƆ DI INFƆMƐSHƆN ƐN FƆ EDYUKESHƆN.  

Di prɔdak dɛn we dɛn gi na dis wɛbsayt na fɔ in vitro risach nɔmɔ. in vitro risach (Latin: *in glas*, we min insay glas) dεn de du am ausayd mכtalman bכdi. Dɛn prɔdak ya nɔto mɛrɛsin, dɛn nɔ gɛt di aprɔval frɔm di US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), ɛn dɛn nɔ fɔ yuz dɛn fɔ protɛkt, trit, ɔ mɛn ɛni mɛrɛsin, sik, ɔ sik. Di lɔ nɔ gri fɔ mek dɛn put dɛn tin ya insay mɔtalman ɔ animal bɔdi ɛni we.