Thymulin 10mg

▎ ʻo Thymulin Hana ʻia

▎ Thymulin ʻImi

He aha ke kumu noiʻi o Thymulin?  

Ua hoʻomaka ka noiʻi ʻana ma Thymulin me ka ʻimi ʻana a nā ʻepekema i nā ʻāpana immunocompetent i loko o nā unuhi thymic. I ka makahiki 1970, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia polypeptide liʻiliʻi me 43 amino acids mai ka bovine thymus, a ua ʻike ʻia he kuleana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā cell immune, ʻoi loa i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o T cell, no laila e hoʻomaka ana i ka noiʻi hohonu ma Thymulin.  

Me ka holomua o ka noiʻi ʻana, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā hana o Thymulin. ʻAʻole ia e hōʻike wale i ke koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻoponopono immune akā hōʻike pū kekahi i ka mana koʻikoʻi i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kiko, anti-inflammation, a me anti-fibrosis. Ua hoʻoikaika kēia mau ʻike i ka noiʻi ʻo Thymulin e hoʻonui i nā hoʻopaʻi he nui, me nā ʻepekema e ʻimi nei i kāna mau hana therapeutic i nā maʻi inflammatory e like me ka hānō a me ka sclerosis lehulehu, a me nā kūlana e like me ka hōʻeha myocardial a me nā hoʻopiʻi COVID-19, e waiho ana i kahi kumu kumu no kāna mau noi lapaʻau.  

He aha ke ʻano o ka hana o Thymulin?  

Mechanism Anti-Inflammatory Mechanism  

Ka hoʻokuʻuʻana i ka hoʻokuʻuʻiaʻana o ka mea hoʻonāuki: Thymulin hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka hoʻokuʻuʻana o nā mea hoʻolaha inflammatory e like me nā cytokines a me nā chemokines. I ka wā o nā pane inflammatory, hoʻokuʻu nui ʻia kēia mau mea hoʻolaha, e hoʻoulu ai i nā hōʻailona inflammatory. No ka laʻana, i loko o ke ʻano ʻiole o ka mumū i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka Freund's adjuvant (CFA), ua hoʻemi ʻia ka hana ʻana o Thymulin i ka hana ʻana o nā cytokines pro-inflammatory spinal e like me ka tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) a me interleukin-6 (IL-6), a laila e hōʻoluʻolu i ka pane ʻeha ^[1].  

Upregulation of Anti-Inflammatory Factors: Hiki iā ia ke hoʻoponopono i nā mea anti-inflammatory e like me interleukin-10 (IL-10). ʻO ka IL-10 he cytokine anti-inflammatory koʻikoʻi e kāohi i ka hana o nā pūnaeho inflammatory a hoʻemi i ka mumū. Ma ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka IL-10, kōkua ʻo Thymulin i ka mālama ʻana i ke koena o ke kino a pale i ka pōʻino o ka ʻiʻo mai ka ʻeha nui ^[2].  

Hoʻoponopono i nā mea kikoʻī a me nā Mediators: Loaʻa ʻo Thymulin i ka mana molecular o ka mumū ma o ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā kumu transcription a me nā mea hoʻoponopono. Hoʻoponopono nā kumu transcription i ka hōʻike ʻana o nā genes pili i ka mumū, a hiki iā Thymulin ke hoʻoikaika i ka hana o kēia mau mea, no laila e hōʻemi ana i ka synthesis o nā protein pili i ka mumū a loaʻa i nā hopena anti-inflammatory ^[2].  

Mechanism Antihyperalgesic  

Nā hopena ma Spinal Microglia: I nā hiʻohiʻona ʻeha ʻeha, Thymulin ke kāohi i ka hoʻāla ʻana o ka spinal microglia. Hoʻoulu ʻia ʻo Microglia e nā mea hoʻoulu ʻia, e hoʻokuʻu ana i nā mea hoʻolaha inflammatory lehulehu e hoʻonui i ka ʻike ʻeha. Hoʻemi ʻo Thymulin i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o kēia mau mea hoʻolaha ma o ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka microglial activation, a laila e hoʻēmi ana i ka hyperalgesia. I loko o ka CFA-induced inflammatory rat model, Thymulin treatment i hōʻemi nui i ka thermal hyperalgesia a me ka paw edema ʻoiai e hoʻemi ana i ka CFA-induced microglial activation ^[1] .

Hana i ke ala p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway: Hoʻemi ʻo Thymulin i ka phosphorylation o p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). He mea koʻikoʻi ke ala hōʻailona p38 MAPK i ka hōʻailona ʻeha a me ka ʻeha; ʻO kāna phosphorylation e hoʻāla i kahi ʻano o nā molekala hōʻailona o lalo, e alakaʻi ana i ka hana ʻana o nā mea hoʻolaha inflammatory a me hyperalgesia. Hoʻopau ʻo Thymulin i ka ʻeha ʻeha ma ke kāohi ʻana i ka p38 MAPK phosphorylation a me ka pale ʻana i kēia ala hōʻailona ^[1].  

Mechanism Immunomodulatory  

T Lymphocyte Differentiation: ʻO Thymulin he hormone pono no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o T lymphocyte, koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻomohala maʻamau a me ka mālama pono ʻana o nā T lymphocytes. Ke komo nei ia i ka hooponopono ana i ka lakio o T helper cell i suppressor cell, e kokua ana i ke koena a me ka pa'a o ka immune system. Hiki i nā pae Thymulin kūpono ʻole ke alakaʻi i ka T lymphocyte dysfunction a me nā maʻi pili i ka pale.  

Hoʻoponopono i ka hana o ka Immune Cell Function: I loko o kahi ʻano granuloma ʻiole i hoʻokomo ʻia e ka bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), kahi dilution 5CH o Thymulin i hoʻoponopono i ka ʻokoʻa o nā phagocytes kūloko a me systemic, hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o B1 peritoneal stem cell i phagocytes, a hoʻonui i ka helu o CD8⁺ improving CD8⁺ i loko o nā lymphocytes kūloko. kaʻina hoʻonaʻauao granulomatous. Hōʻike kēia i ka Thymulin e hoʻoponopono i ka hana o nā cell immune ^[2] .  

Mechanism o ka hana ma ka Neuroendocrine System  

Hoʻoponopono Bidirectional: ʻO ka hana ʻana a me ka huna ʻana o Thymulin e hoʻoikaika nui ʻia e ka ʻōnaehana neuroendocrine, a hiki ke hana ma ke ʻano he peptide hypophysiotropic ma ka ʻōnaehana neuroendocrine. Hōʻike kēia pilina hoʻoponopono bidirectional he kuleana koʻikoʻi ʻo Thymulin i ka pilina ma waena o ka neuroendocrine a me nā ʻōnaehana pale, e kōkua ana i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaulike physiological holoʻokoʻa i ke kino ^[3].  

He aha nā mea hoʻohana o Thymulin?  

Nā hopena anti-inflammatory  

Hoʻokuʻu i ka ʻeha ʻeha: Ma nā ʻano hoʻohālike o ka ʻiole (e like me ka CFA-induced inflammation model), intraperitoneal injection o Thymulin i hoʻohaʻahaʻa nui i ka CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia a me ka edema paw. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina molecular mechanism e hōʻemi ana ʻo Thymulin i ka CFA-induced microglial activation, p38 MAPK phosphorylation, a me spinal pro-inflammatory cytokine (eg, TNF-α, IL-6) hana, a laila e hoʻēmi i ka mumū a hoʻomaha i nā hōʻailona ʻeha ^[1].  

Hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻā ʻana o ka ea: Ma kahi hoʻohālike ʻiole hoʻokolohua o ka hānō maʻi, ua pale ʻia ka hoʻōla ʻana o Thymulin gene therapy i hoʻopili ʻia e nā nanoparticles DNA. Hoʻokahi kaʻina o nā nanoparticles DNA e lawe ana i ka Thymulin plasmid i kāohi i nā pane inflammatory i loko o ka māmā o nāʻiole hānō maʻi ovalbumin, me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka infiltration cell inflammatory a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā mīkini māmā ^[4] (Da SA, 2014). Hoʻohui hou, ʻo ka mālama intratracheal o ka hānō i hoʻokumu ʻia me ka Thymulin-expressing plasmid i hāʻawi ʻia ma nā nanoparticles maʻamau i nā hiʻohiʻona pathological koʻikoʻi o ka mumū mau i loko o nā māmā asthmatic ma hope o 20 mau lā, i hoʻopili ʻia e ka hui pū ʻana o ka anti-inflammatory a me nā hopena anti-fibrotic ^[4].  

Kiʻi 1 Ka helu o nā mea hoʻolaha pili i ka hānō ma ka BALF. ʻO nā kiʻekiʻe o nā cytokines pro-inflammatory TH2, me (A) IL-4 a me (B) IL-13, (C) he cytokine anti-inflammatory, IL-10, a me nā cytokine profibrotic, me (D) VEGF a me (E) TGF-β, ua helu ʻia e ELISA (n = 6 mau ʻiole i kēlā me kēia hui).  

Puna: PubMed ^[4]

Nā hopena immunomodulatory  

Hoʻoponopono i nā kaʻina hana ʻino ʻana o Granulomatous: I loko o ka BCG-induced mouse granuloma model, homeopathic 5CH-diluted Thymulin i hoʻoponopono i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā phagocytes kūloko a me ka pūnaewele a me ka neʻe ʻana o ka cell T i nā lymph nodes kūloko, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kaʻina hana ʻona granulomatous. Ma hope o 21 mau lā o ka maʻi, ua hōʻike ʻia nā ʻiole i mālama ʻia e Thymulin i kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o B1 peritoneal stem cell i loko o nā phagocytes, hoʻemi ʻia nā helu o nā phagocytes maʻi i nā lesions (e hōʻike ana i ka maʻi alleviated), a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka helu o nā phagocytes i loaʻa mai B1, CD4⁺, a me T lymphodes CD8⁺ ^..

Hoʻokuʻu i nā hōʻailona Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Hoʻāʻo: Ma ke ʻano kiʻi o ka relapsing-remitting hoʻokolohua autoimmune encephalomyelitis (rEAE), Thymulin i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i polybutylcyanoacrylate (PBCA) nanoparticles i hoʻohaʻahaʻa loa i nā hōʻailona rEAE, hoʻemi i ka pae cytokine plasma, a hoʻemi i ka NKcade/κκBcascade/κκκκκ-activa NK. Hoʻoponopono ʻo Thymulin i ka hana ala NF-κB ma o ka phosphorylation kikoʻī kikoʻī o ka protein RelA/p65 (ma nā pūnaewele Ser276 a me Ser536), a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o Thymulin paʻa nanoparticle ma mua o Thymulin manuahi, e paʻa ana i ka ʻōlelo hoʻohiki ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau no kēia maʻi ^[5].  

Nā hopena Anti-Fibrotic: I nā ʻano hānō maʻi, ʻaʻole i hōʻemi wale ʻo Thymulin i ka mumū akā ua pale pū kekahi i ka fibrosis pulmonary. No ka laʻana, ʻo ka DNA nanoparticle-mediated Thymulin gene therapy ka mea i pale aku i ka collagen deposition and smooth muscle hypertrophy i loko o nā māmā ʻiole, a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hānō i hoʻokumu ʻia me Thymulin-expressing plasmid i hāʻawi ʻia ma o nā nanoparticles normalized pulmonary fibrosis, e hōʻike ana ua kāohi ʻo Thymulin i ka fibrosis kiko a kōkua i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana a me ka hana ^[4,.

Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka Lapaʻau COVID-19: I ka wā o ka maʻi maʻi COVID-19, ua manaʻo ʻia nā haʻawina e lilo paha ʻo Thymulin i mea lapaʻau no nā hihia koʻikoʻi COVID-19. ʻO ka Cytokine storm syndrome ma muli o ka immune dysregulation kekahi o nā hana koʻikoʻi e alakaʻi ana i ka make i nā maʻi maʻi COVID-19, a hiki i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻōnaehana pale ke hōʻemi i ka make. Ma ke ʻano he peptide thymic, ke hoʻohiki nei ʻo Thymulin no ka mālama ʻana i nā hihia COVID-19 koʻikoʻi ma o ka kāohi ʻana i nā ʻino cytokine ^[7].  

Ka hopena

Hōʻike ʻo Thymulin i nā hopena anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, a me nā anti-fibrotic, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka ʻeha ʻeha, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻeha o ke ea a me ka fibrosis pulmonary, hoʻēmi i nā hōʻailona rEAE, a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa o nā cell immune ma granulomas. Hoʻohana ʻia ma o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka nanoparticle a me nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ka maikaʻi o nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi hānō a paʻa i ka hiki ke mālama i nā ʻino cytokine COVID-19.

No ka mea kakau

ʻO nā mea i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei ua noiʻi ʻia, hoʻoponopono ʻia a hōʻuluʻulu ʻia e Cocer Peptides.

Mea kākau moʻolelo ʻepekema

ʻO Adriana Lopes da Silva he loea koʻikoʻi ma ka ʻoihana lapaʻau a me ka noiʻi. Ua pili ʻo ia me kekahi mau ʻoihana hanohano, ʻo ia hoʻi ka Halemai Israelita Albert Einstein, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, University of Queensland, University of Toronto, a me Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Kākoʻo ʻia ʻo ia e FAPERJ. Aia kāna mau noiʻi noiʻi ma waena o General & Internal Medicine, Respiratory System, Pharmacology & Pharmacy, a me Physiology. He mea koʻikoʻi kēia mau wahi aʻo no ka holomua ʻana i ke olakino kanaka a me ka ʻike lapaʻau.

▎ Nā ʻōlelo pili

[1] Nasseri B, Zaringhalam J, Daniali S, et al. Hoʻopau ka lāʻau Thymulin i ka ʻeha ʻeha ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā alahele hōʻailona spinal cellular a me ka molecular [J]. International Immunopharmacology, 2019,70:225-234.DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.042.

[2] Haddad JJE, ENES, Garabedian B S. Thymulin: He Molekula Anti-Inflammatory Emerging [J]. ʻO ke Kemika Lapaʻau o kēia manawa - Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents, 2005,4:333-338. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55757311.

[3] Bonamin L, Sato C, Santana F, et al. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa a me ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hana phagocyte i ka granuloma murine ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me thymulin 5cH[J]. International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206, 2021,11:148.DOI:10.51910/ijhdr.v11i40.580.

[4] Da SA, Martini SV, Abreu SC, et al. ʻO ka DNA nanoparticle-mediated thymulin gene therapy ka mea e pale ai i ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana o ke ea i ka hānō maʻi maʻi hoʻokolohua [J]. Nūpepa o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana, 2014,180:125-133.DOI:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.02.010.

[5] Lunin SM, Khrenov MO, Glushkova OV, et al. ʻO ka hopena palekana o nā PBCA Nanoparticles i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka Thymulin e kūʻē i ke ʻano hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o ka Encephalomyelitis Autoimmune hoʻokolohua ma nā ʻiole [J]. Ka Nūpepa International o nā ʻepekema Molecular, 2019,20(21).DOI:10.3390/ijms20215374.

[6] Da SA, de Oliveira GP, Kim N, et al. Nanoparticle-based thymulin gene therapy e hoʻohuli i ka pathology koʻikoʻi o ka hānō maʻi maʻi hoʻokolohua [J]. ʻEpekema Advances, 2020,6(24):eaay7973.DOI:10.1126/sciadv.aay7973.

[7] Vishal C, Ajay K, Tech KR M. Thymulin—he manaʻolana i waho o ka pahu i ka pōʻino COVID-19, 2020[C]. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:231646690

ʻO nā ʻatikala a me nā ʻike huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele pūnaewele wale nō no ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka ʻike a me nā kumu hoʻonaʻauao.  

ʻO nā huahana i hāʻawi ʻia ma kēia pūnaewele i manaʻo wale ʻia no ka noiʻi in vitro. Hana ʻia ka noiʻi in vitro (Latin: *i ke aniani*, ʻo ia hoʻi i ka ipu aniani) ma waho o ke kino kanaka. ʻAʻole kēia mau huahana he lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻia e ka US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana, mālama, a hoʻōla paha i kekahi maʻi olakino, maʻi, a i ʻole maʻi. Ua pāpā loa ʻia e ke kānāwai ke hoʻokomo i kēia mau huahana i loko o ke kino kanaka a holoholona paha ma kekahi ʻano.