Thymulin 10 MG

▎ Thymulin Tsarin

▎ Thymulin Binciken

Menene asalin bincike na Thymulin?  

Bincike kan Thymulin ya fara ne da binciken masana kimiyya na abubuwan da ba su da karfin rigakafi a cikin tsantsar thymic. A cikin shekarun 1970s, wannan karamin polypeptide mai kunshe da amino acid 43 ya kebe daga thymus na bovine, kuma an gano shi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen bambance bambancen sel na rigakafi, musamman wajen daidaita ci gaban kwayoyin T, ta haka ya fara zurfafa bincike kan Thymulin.  

Tare da ci gaba da bincike, ayyukan Thymulin an fadada su a hankali. Ba wai kawai yana nuna fifiko a cikin ƙa'idodin rigakafi ba amma har ma yana nuna mahimmanci mai mahimmanci a gyaran nama, anti-kumburi, da anti-fibrosis. Wadannan binciken sun haifar da binciken Thymulin don yada nau'o'i da yawa, tare da masana kimiyya suna binciken ayyukansa na warkewa a cikin cututtukan kumburi kamar asma da sclerosis mai yawa, da kuma yanayi kamar rauni na zuciya da rikice-rikice na COVID-19, yana shimfida tushe na ka'ida don aikace-aikacen asibiti.  

Menene tsarin aikin Thymulin?  

Kayan aikin rigakafin kumburi  

Hana Sakin Matsakaici Mai Kumburi: Thymulin na iya rage daidaita sakin masu shiga tsakani kamar cytokines da chemokines. A lokacin amsawar kumburi, waɗannan masu shiga tsakani suna fitowa da yawa, suna haifar da bayyanar cututtuka. Alal misali, a cikin ƙirar bera na kumburi wanda cikakken Freund's adjuvant (CFA) ya haifar da shi, maganin Thymulin ya rage samar da cytokines pro-inflammatory na kashin baya kamar ƙwayar necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) da interleukin-6 (IL-6), don haka yana rage amsawar kumburi ^[1]..  

Ƙaddamar da Abubuwan da ke hana kumburi: Hakanan yana iya daidaita abubuwan da ke hana kumburi kamar interleukin-10 (IL-10). IL-10 shine cytokine mai mahimmanci na anti-mai kumburi wanda ke hana ayyukan ƙwayoyin kumburi da rage kumburi. Ta hanyar haɓaka IL-10, Thymulin yana taimakawa kiyaye ma'aunin kumburin jiki kuma yana hana lalacewar nama daga kumburi mai yawa ^[2].  

Ka'idojin Abubuwan Rubutu da Masu shiga tsakani: Thymulin yana samun ikon sarrafa ƙwayoyin cuta ta hanyar daidaita abubuwan rubutu da masu shiga tsakani. Abubuwan da aka rubuta suna sarrafa bayanin kwayoyin da ke da alaƙa da kumburi, kuma Thymulin na iya yin tasiri kan ayyukan waɗannan abubuwan, ta haka ne ke rage haɗakar sunadaran da ke da alaƙa da kumburi da samun tasirin anti-mai kumburi ^[2]..  

Maganin ciwon hawan jini  

Tasiri akan Microglia Spinal: A cikin nau'ikan ciwo mai kumburi, Thymulin yana hana kunna microglia na kashin baya. Microglia ya zama mai kunnawa ta hanyar motsa jiki mai kumburi, yana sakin masu shiga tsakani masu yawa wanda ke kara fahimtar jin zafi. Thymulin yana rage sakin waɗannan masu shiga tsakani ta hanyar rage yawan kunna microglial, don haka yana rage hyperalgesia. A cikin ƙirar bera mai kumburin kumburin CFA, jiyya na Thymulin ya rage girman hyperalgesia na thermal da paw edema yayin da rage kunnawar microglial na CFA ^[1] .

Matsayi a cikin P38 MAPK Hanyar Siginar Siginar: Thymulin yana rage phosphorylation na p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Hanyar siginar p38 MAPK tana da mahimmanci a cikin siginar kumburi da zafi; phosphorylation ta yana kunna jerin kwayoyin sigina na ƙasa, wanda ke haifar da samar da masu shiga tsakani da hyperalgesia. Thymulin yana rage zafi mai kumburi ta hanyar hana p38 MAPK phosphorylation da toshe wannan hanyar siginar ^[1].  

Immunomodulatory Mechanism  

Bambancin T Lymphocyte: Thymulin shine hormone mai mahimmanci don bambancin T lymphocyte, mai mahimmanci ga ci gaba na al'ada da kuma kula da aikin T lymphocytes. Yana shiga cikin daidaita rabon sel masu taimako na T don hana ƙwayoyin cuta, yana ba da gudummawa ga daidaito da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin rigakafi. Matakan Thymulin mara kyau na iya haifar da rashin aiki na T lymphocyte da cututtukan da ke da alaƙa da rigakafi.  

Tsarin Ayyukan Kwayoyin Kwayoyin cuta: A cikin samfurin granuloma na linzamin kwamfuta wanda aka haifar da bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), dilution na 5CH na Thymulin ya tsara bambance-bambancen phagocytes na gida da na tsarin jiki, ya inganta bambancin B1 peritoneal stem cell a cikin phagocytes, kuma ya karu da adadin CD8⁺ a cikin gida da lymphocytes. granulomatous kumburi tsari. Wannan yana nuna cewa Thymulin yana daidaita aikin ƙwayoyin rigakafi ^[2] .  

Hanyar Ayyuka akan Tsarin Neuroendocrine  

Dokokin Bidirectional: Samar da ɓoyewar Thymulin suna da tasiri sosai ta tsarin neuroendocrine, kuma yana iya aiki azaman peptide hypophysiotropic akan tsarin neuroendocrine. Wannan alaƙar ka'ida ta bidirectional tana nuna cewa Thymulin yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin hulɗar tsakanin neuroendocrine da tsarin rigakafi, yana taimakawa kiyaye ma'auni na ilimin lissafi gabaɗaya a cikin jiki ^[3].  

Menene aikace-aikacen Thymulin?  

Tasirin Maganin Cutar  

Taimakon Ciwo Mai Ciwo: A cikin nau'ikan kumburin bera (kamar samfurin kumburin CFA), alluran intraperitoneal na Thymulin yana rage haɓakar haɓakar thermal na CFA da paw edema. Nazarin tsarin kwayoyin halitta ya nuna cewa Thymulin ya rage CFA-induced microglial activation, p38 MAPK phosphorylation, da spinal pro-inflammatory cytokine (misali, TNF-α, IL-6) samarwa, don haka rage kumburi da kuma kawar da bayyanar cututtuka ^[1].  

Haɓaka Kumburi na Jirgin Sama: A cikin samfurin linzamin kwamfuta na gwaji na ciwon fuka, maganin Thymulin da ke yin sulhu ta hanyar DNA nanoparticles ya hana kumburin huhu. Kashi ɗaya na DNA nanoparticles ɗauke da Thymulin plasmid ya toshe martanin kumburi a cikin huhu na berayen asma masu ƙalubalanci ovalbumin, gami da rage kumburin ƙwayoyin cuta da haɓaka injinan huhu ^[4] (Da SA, 2014). Bugu da ƙari, jiyya na intracheal na cikakkiyar asma tare da Thymulin-bayyana plasmid wanda aka ba da shi ta hanyar nanoparticles sun daidaita mahimman siffofi na cututtukan cututtuka na kumburi na yau da kullum a cikin huhu na asthmatic bayan kwanaki 20, wanda aka daidaita ta hanyar haɗin maganin anti-mai kumburi da anti-fibrotic effects ^[4]..  

Hoto 1 Ƙididdigar masu shiga tsakani masu alaƙa da asma a cikin BALF. Matakan cytokines na pro-inflammatory TH2, ciki har da (A) IL-4 da (B) IL-13, (C) cytokine anti-inflammatory, IL-10, da profibrotic cytokines, ciki har da (D) VEGF da (E) TGF-β, an ƙididdige su ta ELISA (n = 6 mice per rukuni).  

Source: PubMed ^[4]

Immunomodulatory Effects  

Ka'idar Tsarin Tsarin Kumburi na Granulomatous: A cikin samfurin granuloma na linzamin kwamfuta na BCG, homeopathic 5CH-diluted Thymulin ya tsara bambance-bambancen phagocytes na gida da na tsarin da kuma ƙaurawar T cell zuwa ƙwayoyin lymph na gida, don haka inganta tsarin kumburi na granulomatous. Musamman, bayan kwanaki 21 na kamuwa da cuta, berayen da aka yi wa Thymulin sun nuna babban kololuwa a cikin bambance-bambancen ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta na peritoneal na B1 zuwa phagocytes, rage adadin phagocytes masu kamuwa da cuta a cikin raunuka (yana nuna kamuwa da cuta), da haɓaka lambobi na phagocytes na B1, CD4⁺, da CD8 a cikin lymphocytes na gida ^..

Relief of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Alamun: A cikin wani linzamin kwamfuta model na relapsing-remitting gwaji autoimmune encephalomyelitis (rEAE), Thymulin daure da polybutylcyanoacrylate (PBCA) nanoparticles muhimmanci rage rEAE bayyanar cututtuka, rage plasma cade cytokine da kuma SAP-K, kunnawa. Thymulin yana sarrafa ayyukan hanyar NF-κB ta hanyar takamaiman rukunin phosphorylation na furotin RelA/p65 (a rukunin Ser276 da Ser536), kuma Thymulin mai ɗaure nanoparticle ya kasance mafi inganci fiye da Thymulin kyauta, yana riƙe alƙawarin azaman magani mai yiwuwa don wannan cuta ^[5].  

Effects Anti-Fibrotic: A cikin nau'ikan asma masu rashin lafiyar, Thymulin ba kawai rage kumburi ba amma kuma ya hana fibrosis na huhu. Alal misali, DNA nanoparticle-mediated Thymulin gene far hana haɓakar collagen da santsin tsoka hypertrophy a cikin huhu na linzamin kwamfuta, da kuma magance asma da aka kafa tare da Thymulin-bayyana plasmid da aka kawo ta hanyar nanoparticles daidaitaccen fibrosis na huhu, yana nuna cewa Thymulin yana hana fibrosis nama kuma yana taimakawa inganta tsarin nama da aikin ^[4].

Yiwuwar Aikace-aikacen a cikin Jiyya na COVID-19: Yayin cutar ta COVID-19, bincike ya ba da shawarar cewa Thymulin na iya zama magani ga manyan lamuran COVID-19. Ciwon guguwa na Cytokine saboda dysregulation na rigakafi shine ɗayan mahimman hanyoyin da ke haifar da mutuwa a cikin marasa lafiya na COVID-19 mai tsanani, kuma tsarin tsarin rigakafi na iya rage mace-mace. A matsayin peptide na thymic, Thymulin yana da alƙawarin magance matsanancin COVID-19 ta hanyar sarrafa guguwar cytokine ^[7].  

Kammalawa

Thymulin yana nuna anti-mai kumburi, immunomodulatory, da anti-fibrotic sakamako, wanda zai iya rage zafi mai zafi, inganta ƙumburi na iska da fibrosis na huhu, rage alamun bayyanar cututtuka na reEAE, da kuma daidaita bambancin kwayoyin halitta a cikin granulomas. An yi amfani da shi ta hanyar isar da nanoparticle da sauran hanyoyin, ya nuna inganci a cikin cututtuka kamar rashin lafiyar asma kuma yana da yuwuwar magance guguwar cytokine ta COVID-19.

Game da Marubuci

Abubuwan da aka ambata a sama duk bincike ne, gyara su kuma Cocer Peptides ne suka haɗa su.

Mawallafin Jaridar Kimiyya

Adriana Lopes da Silva masani ne mai matukar tasiri a fannin likitanci da bincike. Tana da alaƙa da manyan cibiyoyi da yawa, gami da Asibitin Israelta Albert Einstein, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Jami'ar Queensland, Jami'ar Toronto, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Ita ma FAPERJ tana goyon bayanta. Bukatun bincikenta sun mamaye Gabaɗaya & Magungunan Ciki, Tsarin Numfashi, Ilimin Magunguna & Pharmacy, da Physiology. Wadannan wuraren binciken suna da mahimmanci don haɓaka lafiyar ɗan adam da ilimin likitanci.Adriana Lopes da Silva an jera su a cikin ambaton ambaton [6].

▎ Abubuwan da suka dace

[1] Nasseri B, Zaringhalam J, Daniali S, et al. Maganin Thymulin yana rage zafi mai kumburi ta hanyar daidaita hanyoyin siginar siginar kashin baya da kwayoyin halitta [J]. Immunopharmacology na kasa da kasa, 2019,70:225-234.DOI:10.1016/j.intimp.2019.02.042.

[2] Haddad JJE, ENES, Garabedian B S. Thymulin: Kwayoyin Kwayar Cutar Cutar Kwayar cuta [J]. Chemistry na Magani na Yanzu - Anti-Cutar Kumburi & Agents Anti-Allergy, 2005,4:333-338. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:55757311.

[3] Bonamin L, Sato C, Santana F, et al. Bambance-bambance da daidaitawa na aikin phagocyte a cikin granuloma na murine bayan jiyya tare da thymulin 5cH[J]. Jarida ta Duniya na Binciken Babban Dilution - ISSN 1982-6206, 2021,11:148.DOI:10.51910/ijhdr.v11i40.580.

[4] Da SA, Martini SV, Abreu SC, et al. DNA nanoparticle-mediated thymulin genetherapy yana hana gyare-gyaren hanyar iska a cikin gwajin rashin lafiyar asma[J]. Jarida na Sakin Sarrafa, 2014,180:125-133.DOI:10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.02.010.

[5] Lunin SM, Khrenov MO, Glushkova OV, et al. Tasirin Kariya na PBCA Nanoparticles Masu Load da Thymulin Daga Tsarin Relapsing-Remitting na Gwajin Encephalomyelitis na Autoimmune a cikin Mice[J]. Jaridar Duniya ta Kimiyyar Kwayoyin Halitta, 2019,20 (21).DOI:10.3390/ijms20215374.

[6] Da SA, de Oliveira GP, Kim N, et al. Nanoparticle tushen thymulin gene far therapeutically mayar da key pathology na gwaji rashin lafiyan asma[J]. Ci gaban Kimiyya, 2020,6(24):eaay7973.DOI:10.1126/sciadv.aay7973.

[7] Vishal C, Ajay K, Tech KR M. Thymulin - bege daga cikin akwatin a cikin bala'in COVID-19, 2020[C]. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:231646690

DUKKANIN LABARI DA BAYANIN KYAUTATAWA DA AKE BAYAR A WANNAN SHAFIN KAWAI DOMIN WATSA BAYANI NE DA MANUFOFIN ILIMI.  

Kayayyakin da aka bayar akan wannan gidan yanar gizon an yi niyya ne kawai don binciken in vitro. Binciken in vitro (Latin: *a cikin gilashi*, ma'ana a cikin gilashin gilashi) ana gudanar da shi a wajen jikin mutum. Waɗannan samfuran ba magunguna ba ne, Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ba ta amince da su ba, kuma dole ne a yi amfani da su don hanawa, magani, ko warkar da duk wani yanayi na likita, cuta, ko cuta. Doka ta haramta shigar da waɗannan samfuran cikin jikin mutum ko dabba ta kowace hanya.