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ƆL DI ATIKUL ƐN PRODƆKT INFƆMƐSHƆN WE DƐN GI NA DIS WƐBSAYT NA FƆ ƆL FƆ DI INFƆMƐSHƆN ƐN FƆ EDYUKESHƆN.
Di prɔdak dɛn we dɛn gi na dis wɛbsayt na fɔ in vitro risach nɔmɔ. in vitro risach (Latin: *in glas*, we min insay glas) dεn de du am ausayd mכtalman bכdi. Dɛn prɔdak ya nɔto mɛrɛsin, dɛn nɔ gɛt di aprɔval frɔm di US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), ɛn dɛn nɔ fɔ yuz dɛn fɔ protɛkt, trit, ɔ mɛn ɛni mɛrɛsin, sik, ɔ sik. Di lɔ nɔ gri fɔ mek dɛn put dɛn tin ya insay mɔtalman ɔ animal bɔdi ɛni we.
Fat ɛn di mɛtabolik dizayd dɛm we gɛt fɔ du wit am dɔn bi wan global pɔblik wɛlbɔdi prɔblɛm, we mek di fɛn fɔ sef ɛn ifektiv intavɛnshɔn impɔtant. Pan ɔl we di ɔmon we de mek pipul dɛn gro (hGH) de sho se i ebul fɔ trit pɔsin we fat, di tin dɛn we de mɔna pɔsin fɔ sef nɔ de mek i nɔ ebul fɔ yuz am fɔ lɔng tɛm. AOD9604, wan pεptida fragmεnt frכm di C-tεrminal rijyכn fכ hGH (Tyr-hGH177-191), dεn fכnshכn fכ posεs hGH in fεt-rεdyusin aktiviti witout in advεs ifekt dεm. stכdi dεm we dεn jכs du dεn dכn εkspεnd pan in fכnshכn dεm, wit antioksidant εn mεtabolik sכpכt ifekt dεm we de kכmכt as ki risεch εria dεm.
Fig 1 Di prɛvalɛns fɔ fat pan pipul dɛn na Amɛrika (20–74 ia).
1. Di antiɔksidant ifɛkt dɛn we AOD9604 gɛt
Di asosieshɔn bitwin ɔksidativ strɛs ɛn sik
כksidεtiv strεs de tכk bכt di kכndishכn usay, כnda difrεn harmful stimuli dεm, di bכdi de prodyuz pasmak כksijεn spεshal (ROS) εn riaktiv naytrojen spεshal (RNS), we de mek כksidεtiv damej pas di bכdi in ebul fכ klia dεn spεshal dεm ya. dis imbalans bitwin di oksidativ εn antioksidant sistεm dεm de rizulta in tisu dεm we de pwεl. Bɔrku sik dɛm, lɛk di sik dɛm wae de kam wit at ɛn blɔd, dayabitis, nyurodijɛnɛraytiv sik dɛm, ɛn nɔr-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), gɛt fɔ du wit ɔksidativ strɛs. insay dεn sik stet dεm ya, di εlevεt intasεlulyar ROS lεvεl dεm de atak bayomכlikul dεm lεk lipid, protin, εn DNA, we de mek sεl dεm nכ de wok fayn εn day.
AOD9604 Antioksidant Mɛkanism fɔ Akshɔn
AOD9604 de du in ifekt dεm bay we i de rεgεl di intasεlulyar antioksidant εnzym sistεm. supεrכksayd dismutεz (SOD), glutathione pεrכksidayz (GPx), εn katalaz (CAT) na imכtant intasεlulyar antioksidant εnzym dεm we kin skavεnj ROS εn mεnten intasεlulyar rεdכks bεlε. AOD9604 kin upregulate di εksprεshכn כ aktvכti fכ dεn antioksidant εnzym dεm ya, we de εnhans di sεlyul antioksidant difεns kεpabiliti dεm. Na di ɔda say, AOD9604 kin tek pat dairekt wan pan di skavenj ɔf fri radikal dɛn. sכm grup dεm na in mכlikul strכkchכ kin gεt di abiliti fכ kech ROS εn RNS, we de ridyus dεn damej to sεl dεm.
Insay wan stכdi we yuz wan maws mכdel fכ nכn-alkohol fεt liva sik, tritmεnt wit AOD9604 rεsult in signifyant rεdukshכn pan malondialdehyde (MDA) lεvεl in liva tisu. MDA na prodakt fכ lipid pεrכksidεshכn, εn in rεdכks lεvεl dεm de sho se di כksidεtiv strεs de dכn. di aktvכti fכ SOD εn GPx insay di liva inkrεs, we sho se AOD9604 kin εliviet כksidεtiv strεs dεmεj bay we i de εnhans di aktvכti fכ antioksidant εnzym dεm. dis sho se AOD9604 gεt fayn ifekt fכ impruv di כksidεtiv strεs stet na di liva, we de gi εkspεriεns pruf fכ in aplikεshכn insay di tritmεnt fכ sik dεm we de rilet.
2. Mεtabolik Sכpכt Efεkt dεm fכ AOD9604
Efεkt dεm pan Lipid Mεtabolism
AOD9604 de sho wan siknifikant rεgεdyushכn ifekt pan lipid mεtabolism. insay wan obes maws mכdel, lכng tεm intrapεritoneal injεkshכn fכ AOD9604 lid to rεdכks bכdi wet εn bכdi fεt. dis ifekt kin bi fכ di β-adrenergic path, patikyular di β(3)-adrenergic rεsεpכta (β(3)-AR), di praymar lipolytic rεsεpכta insay adiposyt dεm. afta 14 dez fכ AOD9604 administreshכn in obes mays, di εksprεshכn lεvεl fכ β(3)-AR RNA inkrεs, rεstכr di suprεs β(3)-AR RNA lεvεl dεm in obes mays to lεvεl dεm we kכmparabl wit di wan dεm in sכn mays, we de protεkt lipolysis εn εnhans lipolytic sεnsitiviti. insay β(3)-AR knockout mays, lכng tεm yus כf AOD9604 fεl fכ prodyuz di sem wet chenj εn lipolysis-εnhans ifekt lεk in wayl-tayp kכntrכl mays, we sho se β(3)-AR de ple wan krεs rol in AOD9604 in rεguleshכn fכ lipid mεtabolism. insay akyu εkspεriεns, AOD9604 stil inkrεs εnεji εkspεndishכn εn fεt כksidεshכn in β(3)-AR jin kכnכt mays, we sho se AOD9604 kin infכlכw lipid mεtabolism bak tru כda path dεm.
Figure 2 di ifekt we wan singl de intraperitoneal (ip) doz fכ salin, AOD9604, כ hכman gכt hכmon (hGH) gεt pan bכdi wet chenj in sכm man C57BL/6J (A) כ obes (ob/ob) mays (B) ova 14 dez.
Efεkt dεm pan di mεtabolism we di kכbaidret de gi
we i kam pan kabohaydret mεtabolism, AOD9604 difrεn bכku frכm hGH. klinik trial dεm sho se AOD9604 nכ gεt nכ ifekt pan sεrum IGF-1 lεvεl, we kכnfכm di haypothεsis se i nכ de akt tru IGF-1. di rizulεt frכm wan כral glukכs tכlerεns tεst sho se, difrεnt lεk hGH, AOD9604 nכ de nεgεtivli impεkt kכbhaydrεt mεtabolism. dis min se AOD9604 kin rεgεl di lipid mεtabolism we nכ de intafεr wit nכmal kכbhaydret mεtabolism, we de gi wan yכnik advantej fכ impruv mεtabolik stetכs.
Ifekt dεm pan di liva mεtabolism
insay stכdi dεm pan mays dεm wit nכn-alkoholik fεt liva sik, AOD9604 nכ de כnli afekt lipid mεtabolism bכt i de rεgεl di כvala mεtabolik stet fכ di liva. apat frכm we i de ridyus di כksidεtiv strεs, AOD9604 kin impruv di hεpatik stεatosis bay we i de rεgεl di εksprεshכn fכ di jin dεm we riliyt to lipid sεntesis, transpכt, εn mεtabolism insay di liva. i kin infכlכw di εksprεshכn fכ di kכl εnzym dεm lεk fεt asid sεntez (FAS) εn asetil-CoA kכbכksilayz (ACC), we de ridyus fεt asid sεntez insay di liva, protεkt fεt asid β-oksidashכn, εn dat de mek di hεpatik fεt akyumyuleshכn sכmtεm.
3. Potensial Aplikeshɔn fɔ AOD9604 in Dual Akshɔn
Aplikeshɔn dɛn na Ɔbisiti ɛn Rilat Mɛtabolik Disiz dɛm
giv AOD9604 in antioksidant εn mεtabolik sכpכt ifekt dεm, i de hכld pכtεnshal aplikεshכn valyu fכ trit fכ fat εn rilayt mεtabolik sik dεm lεk tayp 2 dayabεtis εn nכn-alkohol fεt liva sik. Fɔ di wan dɛn we fat, AOD9604 kin mek di lipid mɛtabolism, ridyus di bɔdi fat, ɛn impruv insulin sɛnsitiviti, we kin ɛp fɔ kɔntrol di glukɔs na di blɔd. fכ di sik pipul dεm we gεt nכn-alkohol fεt liva sik, i kin כl tu εlivεt di liva כksidεtiv strεs dεmεj εn rεgul di liva lipid mεtabolism, we kin bi nyu stratεji fכ impruv di liva fכnshכn εn slo di sik prכgreshכn.
Aplikeshɔn dɛn na Spɔt Nutrishɔn
Insay di fild fɔ spɔt nyutrishɔn, AOD9604 in antiɔksidant ɛn mɛtabolik sɔpɔt prɔpati dɛn bak kin atraktiv. we dεn de tren di atlet dεm we gεt hכy intensiti, di atlet dεm de prodyuz bכku ROS, we de mek di כksidεtiv strεs dεm dεm, we di εnεji mεtabolism dimand de inkrεs. AOD9604 kin ɛp fɔ klia ROS, ridyus di mɔsul dɛn taya ɛn damej, pan ɔl we i de protɛkt fat ɔksidɛshɔn fɔ ɛnaji, we de mek i ebul fɔ bia wit ɛksɛsayz ɛn rikavari kapasiti. pan ɔl we AOD9604 de sho fayn fayn antiɔksidant ɛn mɛtabolik sɔpɔt ifɛkt, in sef na di impɔtant tin. Bɔku stɔdi dɛn dɔn ɛvaluet di sef fɔ AOD9604. Insay siks randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials, AOD9604 nɔ bin gɛt ɛni ifɛkt pan di sɛrum IGF-1 lɛvɛl, nɔ bin gɛt ɛni nɛgitiv impak pan di kabɔhaydrɛt mɛtabolism, ɛn dɛn nɔ bin detekt ɛni anti-AOD9604 antibodies. Nɔ witdraw simptom ɔ siriɔs bad bad tin dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit AOD9604 intake nɔ bin ripɔt. insay kronik toxicology stכdi dεm pan rat εn cynomolgus mכnkey, lכng tεm כral administreshכn fכ AOD9604 dεn sho bak in jεnarכl sef, wit nכ sayn fכ jεnotoksisiti.
Figure 3 In vitro dεgradashכn fכ AOD9604 in rat plasma na rum tεmprachכ. afta 56 minit, di pεptida de kכmplit wan. Di haf-layf na lɛk 4 minit. di apinεns fכ AOD9604 amino-tεrminal trunkated fragmεnt dεm (-xaa) dεn sho.
4. Fɔ dɔn
AOD9604, as pεptida fragmεnt wit yכnik dual akshכn dεm, de εp fכ antioksidant εn mεtabolik sכpכt. in antioksidant akshכn de εp fכ mitigate di tisu dεm we de asai wit כksidεtiv strεs, we in mεtabolik sכpכt akshכn de pכsitivli rεgεl di lipid, kכbaidret, εn liva mεtabolism. Dis kin mek i impɔtant fɔ trit fat ɛn sik dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit mɛtabolik, ɛn bak pan spɔt nyutrishɔn.
Sos dɛn we dɛn pul
[1] Dehbashi M, Fathie M, Hosseini SRA, ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. اثر هشت هفته تمرین استقامتی و تزریق قطعهپولیتیک هورمون رشد (AOD9604) بر آنزیمهای کبد و CK18 موشهای سوری القاء شده به کبد چرب غیرالکلی ناشی از رژیم غذایی پر چرب، 2021[C]. Di s://api.semanticscholar.org/KɔpɔsID:236556287. Di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di Baybul
[2] EMIM, Kenley D L. Sefty εn Mεtabolism כf AOD9604, wan Nכvel Nyutrasyutik Ingridiεnt fכ Improv Mεtabolik Hεlth[J]. J ɔ rnal ov Ɛndokrinɔlɔji ɛn Mɛtabolism, 2014,4:64-77. https://api.semanticscholar.org/KɔpɔsID:67761634. Di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di Baybul
[3] Stier H, Vos E, Kenley D L. Sefty ɛn Tolerabiliti fɔ di Hɛksadekapɛptida AOD9604 insay Mɔtalman[J]. J ɔ rnal ov Ɛndokrinɔlɔji ɛn Mɛtabolism, 2013,3:7-15. Di https://api.semanticscholar.org/KɔpɔsID:56559133. Di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di Baybul
[4] Melnikova I, Wages D. Anti-ɔbisiti tɛrapi dɛn[J]. Nature Rivyu Drug Disk ɔvri, 2006,5(5):369-370.DOI: 10.1038/nrd2037.
[5] Hεfεrnan M, Sכmεrs R. J., Tכrbכn A, εt al. di ifekt dεm we hכman GH εn in lipolytic fragmεnt (AOD9604) gεt pan lipid mεtabolism we de fכlכ krכnik tritmεnt in obes mays εn beta(3)-AR knock-out mays[J]. Ɛndokrinɔlɔji, 2001,142(12):5182-5189.DOI:10.1210/ɛndo.142.12.8522.
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