Ghrp-2 10mg ƒe lãmekawo

▎ GHRP-2 ƒe Dɔwɔɖoɖo

Dzɔtsoƒe: PubChem

Nusiwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo: AXAWFK Molekyulãwo ƒe Mɔfiame: C 45H 55N 9O6 Molekyulãwo ƒe Kpekpeme: 817.98 g/mol CAS ƒe xexlẽdzesi:158861-67-7 PubChem ƒe CID:6918245 Nya siwo sɔ kple wo nɔewo: Pralmorelin;pralmorelina;KP-102;pralmoreline

▎ GHRP-2  Numekuku

Nukae nye numekuku si wowɔ le GHRP-2 ŋu?

Tsitsi ƒe lãmetsi wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le amegbetɔ ƒe tsitsi, tsitsi, kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe dadasɔ me. Ɣeyiɣi didi aɖee nye sia si dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyalawo di nusiwo ate ŋu aɖɔ eƒe dodo ɖo nyuie. Tsitsi ƒe lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe peptide (GHRPs), si nye oligopeptide siwo wowɔ ƒe hatsotso aɖe si doa ŋusẽ tsitsi ƒe lãmetsi ƒe dodo, va zu nusi ŋu numekukuwo ku ɖo.

GHRP-2 srɔ̃a ghrelin ƒe dɔwɔwɔ to kadodo kple ghrelin xɔla me, si naa dzesimɔwo wɔa dɔ be woaʋã GH ƒe dodo nyuie. Eɖea ŋutete fiana le tsitsime lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ didi kple edada me, nudede nuɖuɖumadzroame me, kple ametakpɔkpɔ tso ŋutinuwo ƒe gbegblẽ me, si na numekuku deto va le eƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple eŋudɔwɔwɔ ŋu.

Nukae nye GHRP-2 ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu?

Tsitsi ƒe Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe Ʋuʋu ƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ

Dɔwɔwɔ le Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis dzi:

GHRP-2 doa ŋusẽ tsitsi ƒe lãmetsi (GH) ƒe dodo to nuwɔna tɔxɛ eve siwo kpena ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu si tɔa ŋku hypothalamus kple pituitary gland (Bowers CY) siaa dzi. Le pituitary ƒe ɖoɖo nu la, GHRP-2 blana ɖe tsitsi ƒe lãmetsiŋusẽ si ɖea lãmetsiŋusẽ si dona le lãme na ame (GHS-R) ŋu. Ne GHRP-2 bla ɖe GHS-R ŋu la, edzea lãmenugbagbeviwo me dzesiwo ƒe nudzɔdzɔwo ƒe dzidziɖedzi gɔme. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, enaa phospholipase C (PLC) wɔa dɔ, si naa phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) si le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãkusi dzi la trɔna zua inositol trisphosphate (IP3) kple diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 doa calcium ion ƒe dodo tso endoplasmic reticulum me ɖe ŋgɔ, gake DAG ya doa protein kinase C (PKC) ɖe ŋgɔ, si wɔnɛ be GH dona mlɔeba (Roh SG,). Le numekuku aɖe si wowɔ tsɔ zã nyitsu ƒe ʋuka me lãmenugbagbeviwo me la, GHRP-2 le agbɔsɔsɔ vovovowo me (10−⊃1;⊃3; va ɖo 10−7 M) dzi GH ƒe dodo ɖe edzi ŋutɔ (P < 0.05), si fia be GHRP-2 kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe GH ƒe dodo dzi tẽ le ʋuka me lãmenugbagbeviwo me ^{[1] .}.

Dɔwɔwɔ aduadu kple Tsitsi ƒe Lãmetsiŋusẽ si Ðea Lãmetsiŋusẽ (GHRH):

GHRP-2 ɖea nuwɔwɔ aduadu ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo fiana kple GHRH le GH ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ me. Ne wotsɔ wo kpe ɖe lãkusi me lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu la, wowɔa dɔ to dzesimɔ vovovo siwo va ƒoa ƒu mlɔeba tsɔ doa GH ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ dzi. Numekukuwo ɖee fia be GHRH koŋue naa adenylate cyclase (AC) wɔa dɔ, si doa lãmenugbagbeviwo me cAMP ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ɖe dzi be emegbe wòana protein kinase A (PKA) nawɔ dɔ, si wɔnɛ be wòdoa GH domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ kple GH ƒe wɔwɔme/siɖeɖe ɖe go ɖe ŋgɔ. Le go bubu me la, GHRP-2 wɔa eƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo to PLC-IP3/DAG-PKC mɔ si ŋu míeƒo nu tsoe le etame dzi. Woƒe kadodo ɖekae dzia GH ƒe dodo ɖe ŋgɔ ŋutɔ. Le alẽwo ƒe ʋumenugbagbeviɣi dodokpɔwo me la, GHRH (10 nM) kple GHRP-2 (100 nM) siaa ɖekaɖeka dzi GH mRNA ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ kple GH ƒe dodo ɖe edzi le mɔ si nɔ te ɖe ɣeyiɣi dzi le gaƒoƒo 0.5–2 me; ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi sia dzi ɖe edzi ŋutɔ ne wotsɔe ƒo ƒu ^{[2] .}.

Tsitsi ƒe Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe Ʋuʋu ƒe Ðoɖowɔwɔ:

GHRP-2 doa ŋusẽ tsitsi ƒe lãmetsi (GH) ƒe dodo to dɔwɔwɔ tɔxɛ eve siwo kpena ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu me, eye wòɖoa taɖodzinu na hypothalamus kple pituitary gland (Bowers CY) le ɣeyiɣi ɖeka me. Le pituitary ƒe ɖoɖo nu la, GHRP-2 blana ɖe tsitsi ƒe lãmetsiŋusẽ si ɖea lãmetsiŋusẽ si dona le lãme na ame (GHS-R) ŋu. Ne GHRP-2 bla ɖe GHS-R ŋu la, edzea lãmenugbagbeviwo me dzesiwo ƒe nudzɔdzɔwo ƒe dzidziɖedzi gɔme. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, enaa phospholipase C (PLC) wɔa dɔ, si naa phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) ƒe tsi me ʋuʋu le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãkusi me wòzua inositol trisphosphate (IP3) kple diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 doa calcium ion ƒe dodo tso endoplasmic reticulum me ɖe ŋgɔ, gake DAG ya doa protein kinase C (PKC) ɖe ŋgɔ, si wɔnɛ be GH dona mlɔeba (Roh SG,). Le numekuku aɖe si wowɔ tsɔ zã nyitsu ƒe ʋuka me lãmenugbagbeviwo me la, GHRP-2 le agbɔsɔsɔ vovovowo me (10−⊃1;⊃3; va ɖo 10−7 M) dzi GH ƒe dodo ɖe edzi ŋutɔ (P < 0.05), si fia be GHRP-2 kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe GH ƒe dodo dzi tẽ le ʋuka me lãmenugbagbeviwo me ^{[1] .}.

Atikewɔwɔ ƒe Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖe Nuɖuɖumadzroame Dzi:

Le dɔnɔ siwo ŋu nuɖuɖumadzroame le gome la, GHRP-2 dodo to ŋɔti me dzia dɔwuame ƒe seselelãme kple nuɖuɖu ɖuɖu ɖe edzi, eɖea ɖiɖi kabakaba dzi kpɔtɔna, eye wònaa suklidɔ ƒe dzesiwo nyona ɖe edzi. Le GHRP-2 dodo ɣleti 14 megbe la, vivivi la, woƒe kpekpeme dzi ɖe edzi kilogram 6.7. Mɔnua ate ŋu abia be GHRP-2 nawɔ dɔ abe ghrelin xɔla ƒe mɔxenu ene be wòasrɔ̃ ghrelin ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi, si ana wòatrɔ asi le nuɖuɖudzroame ƒe teƒea ŋu eye wòana dɔnɔwo ƒe nuɖuɖu ƒe nɔnɔme kple nunyiame ƒe nɔnɔme nanyo ɖe edzi ^[3]..

Nɔnɔmetata 1 (A) Tɔtrɔ siwo vaa ame ƒe kpekpeme, lãmekawo ƒe lolome, kple ami ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ me le atikewɔwɔ kple tsitsimeŋusẽ si ɖea peptide-2 (GHRP-2) zazã vɔ megbe. Wozã bio-impedance mɔnu tsɔ da ami kple lãmekawo ƒe lolome kpɔ. Nusiwo katã wokpɔna dzi ɖe edzi vivivi, eye ŋutilã ƒe kpekpeme kple ŋusẽ si woxɔna gbesiagbe dzi ɖe edzi −1.5 va ɖo 2.4 kg kple 12% va ɖo 36%, le ghrelin dodo vɔ megbe. (B) Tɔtrɔ siwo vaa tsitsi ƒe lãmetsi (GH) kple insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ me le GHRP-2 zazã vɔ megbe. GH dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ esime IGF-1 dzi ɖe edzi le ɣleti 12 megbe. (C) Tɔtrɔ siwo va le nunyiame ƒe nɔnɔme me. Retinol binding protein (RBP) kple total protein (TP) dzi ɖe edzi kabakaba, eye albumin (Alb) dzi ɖe edzi le ɣleti 4 megbe. Nɔnɔme siawo gadzi ɖe edzi le ɣleti 12 megbe. (D) Tɔtrɔ siwo vaa acyl ghrelin (AG) kple des-acyl ghrelin (DAG) ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ me le GHRP-2 dodo vɔ megbe. Nutsitsidɔ ƒe DAG kple AG dzi ɖe edzi, eye DAG/AG ƒe xexlẽme dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ le ɣleti 10 megbe. BW; ŋutilã ƒe kpekpeme.

Dzɔtsoƒe: PubMed ^{[3] .}

Nukae nye GHRP-2 ƒe atikewɔwɔ me dɔwɔwɔ?

Tsitsi ƒe lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie ƒe dzesi: Wozãa GHRP-2 le atikewɔnyawo me abe tsitsime lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ ƒe dzesi ene. Le ame tsitsiwo ƒe tsitsime lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ gome la, dukɔwo dome dodokpɔ gbãtɔ si wowɔna tsɔ dia dɔlélewoe nye insulin tolerance test (ITT). Gake le alesi wòate ŋu ahe nu gbegblẽ sesẽwo vɛ ta la, womeɖe mɔ ɖe eŋu na dɔnɔ aɖewo o. Numekukuwo do susua ɖa be woazã GHRP-2 atsɔ anya ame tsitsiwo ƒe tsitsime lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie (GHD). Numekukua xɔ ame 77 siwo le lãmesẽ me kple dɔnɔ 58 siwo ƒe GH ƒe kɔkɔƒe < 3 μg/L abe alesi ITT kpɔe ene. Wodo GHRP-2 100 μg ɖe ʋuka me na amesiwo katã wowɔ numekukua na, eye woɖe ʋu le gaƒoƒo 2 siwo kplɔe ɖo me. Wozã dɔlélenutsiŋutete ƒe dodokpɔ tsɔ dzidze GH ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ. Emetsonuwo ɖee fia be amesiwo katã wowɔ numekukua ɖe serum GH ƒe kɔkɔƒe fia le miniti 60 me le GHRP-2 dodo vɔ megbe. GH ƒe ŋuɖoɖo ɖe GHRP-2 ŋu mekpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe ŋutsu alo nyɔnu nyenye dzi o. Togbɔ be ŋuɖoɖoawo ɖiɖi vie le ame tsitsiwo kple ame siwo lolo akpa gome hã la, esia megblẽ GHD ƒe dɔlélea didi me o. Dodokpɔ gbugbɔgawɔ ɖee fia be woate ŋu agbugbɔ mɔnu sia awɔ nyuie. Ne wozã GHRP-2 tsɔ le GHD dim la, cutoff value si nye 15 μg/L sɔ kple diagnostic value si nye 3 μg/L le ITT me, si fia be ne woɖo serum GH ƒe agbɔsɔsɔme ƒe cutoff si sɔ la, kakaɖedzitɔe la, ekpɔa tsitsime lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe gbɔdzɔgbɔdzɔ sesẽ ^{[4] .}.

Nuɖuɖumadzroame ƒe Atikewɔwɔ: Le dɔnɔ siwo ŋu nuɖuɖumadzroame ƒe dɔléle le ɣeyiɣi didi aɖe gome la, GHRP-2 ate ŋu atsi tre ɖi na atikewɔmɔnu si ŋugbe wodo. Numekuku aɖe do GHRP-2 to ŋɔti me hafi ɖu nu ɖesiaɖe hena ƒe ɖeka na dɔnɔ aɖe si ƒe 20 sɔŋ le nuɖuɖumadzroame ƒe ŋutinya me. Do ŋgɔ na atikewɔwɔ la, togbɔ be dɔnɔa ƒe vɔvɔ̃ na nuɖuɖu kple didi be yeanye ame tsɛ dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ to atikewɔwɔ siwo wowɔ va yi me hã la, dɔgbo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie xe mɔ na nuɖuɖu geɖe ɖuɖu kple lolo. Dzesiawo dometɔ aɖewoe nye aɖuɖɔɖɔɖɔ le nuɖuɖu vɔ megbe, dɔgbo ƒe ʋuʋu, dɔgbo te ƒe mɔxexe, kple suklidɔ ƒe ɖiɖi. Le GHRP-2 dodo megbe la, dɔwuame kple nuɖuɖu dzi ɖe edzi, eƒe ɖiɖi kabakaba dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ, suklidɔ ƒe dzesiwo nyo ɖe edzi, eye eƒe kpekpeme dzi ɖe edzi vivivi kilogram 6.7 (tso kilogram 21.1 va ɖo kilogram 27.8) le ɣleti 14 me tso esime wòdze atikewɔwɔ gɔme. Ðeɖiteameŋu kple lãmekawo ƒe ŋusẽ nyo ɖe edzi, kamedede kple susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi ɖe edzi, eye womekpɔ nugbegblẽ le ame ŋu ɖedzesi aɖeke le atike si wodo ɖe no me ɣeyiɣi didi me o. Esia fia be GHRP-2 ate ŋu anye atike nyui aɖe na dɔnɔ siwo ŋu nuɖuɖumadzroame sesẽ si nɔa anyi didi le ^[3]..

Dzobibi ƒe Dɔmawɔmawɔ Nyuie Dzi Ðeɖe Akpɔtɔ: Le dzobibi sesẽwo megbe la, lãmetsiŋusẽ siwo naa lãmekawo kple dɔdzẽ ƒe cytokines ƒe dzidziɖedzi kpe ɖe anabolic hormone ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna ŋu hea lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ fũ akpa, ŋutilã si me ƒu mele o dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna, eye lãmekawo gblẽna. Togbɔ be wodo atikewɔmɔnu vovovowo abe kamedede kple lãmetsi siwo naa lãmetsiwo (insulin, tsitsiŋusẽ, IGF-I, alo steroids) zazã ɖe ŋgɔ alo zã wo hã la, woƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo gakpɔtɔ nye esiwo mesɔ o. Dodokpɔwo me tsonu ɖee fia be woɖea anti-cachexia peptide ghrelin si woɖe ɖe vovo yeyee la dzi kpɔtɔna le sisiblisi siwo wotɔ dzoe megbe. Ghrelin si tso gota ate ŋu ana lolo dzi naɖe akpɔtɔ to nuɖuɖu dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ kple lãmekawo ƒe lolome dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ le sisiblisiwo me. Eɖea ƒunukpeƒeŋusẽ ƒe protein ƒe gbegblẽ hã dzi kpɔtɔna ŋutɔ le sisiblisi siwo wotɔ dzoe me to lãmeka ƒe mRNA ƒe E3 ubiquitin ligase, MuRF1, kple MAFbx ƒe ɖeɖefia si sɔ me. Ghrelin ƒe afã ƒe agbenɔƒe kpui la xea mɔ na eƒe dɔwɔwɔ le atikewɔnyawo me. To vovo na ema la, hexapeptide growth hormone-releasing peptide 2 (GHRP-2) si wowɔ la nye GHRP receptor agonist si li ke eye ŋusẽ le eŋu si dzia ŋutilã ƒe kpekpeme ɖe edzi le ʋetsuviwo me, eɖea dɔlékuiwutikewo fiana le ƒunukpeƒetetedɔlélawo me, eye wònaa catabolic metabolism nyona ɖe edzi le dɔnɔ siwo le dɔ lém vevie me. GHRP-2 kpɔa ŋusẽ nyui ɖe ŋutilã ƒe kpekpeme, nuɖuɖu ɖuɖu, kple ƒunukpeƒeŋusẽ ƒe protein ƒe gbagbã dzi le lãkle siwo wotɔ dzoe me, si ɖea dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie si dzobibi hena vɛ dzi kpɔtɔna [5].

Nyanuwuwuw

GHRP-2 naa tsitsime lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe dodo wɔa dɔ to dzesimɔ siwo sɔ la dodo ɖe ŋgɔ to eƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖe GHS-R dzi le hypothalamic-pituitary axis me. Le atikewɔwɔ me la, ate ŋu ade dzesi tsitsime lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ eye wòada nɔnɔmewo abe nuɖuɖumadzroame, ayiku ƒe abi si woxɔna le ame ŋu vevie, kple ayiku ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie le dzobibi megbe, evɔ wòaɖe vevesesenutsitike kple antioxidant ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedziwo hã afia.

Le Agbalẽŋlɔla La Ŋu

Nusiwo míeyɔ ɖe etame la katã nye esiwo ŋu Cocer Peptides wɔ numekuku le, trɔ asi le wo ŋu eye woƒo wo nu ƒu.

Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ƒe Agbalẽŋlɔla

Haruta I nye atikewɔla-dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunyala si do ƒome kple Tagbɔdɔléle ƒe Ememe Atikewɔwɔ Dɔwɔƒe le Kagoshima Yunivɛsiti ƒe Atikewɔwɔ Kple Aɖuŋutinunya ƒe Sukunuwuwu Suku le Japan. Eƒe gbegɔmeɖeɖe ŋuti numekukua ku ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ le nuɖuɖumadzroame sesẽ me ŋu. Woŋlɔ Haruta I ŋkɔ ɖe nyayɔyɔ ƒe nyatakaka [3] me.

▎ Nyayɔyɔ Siwo Sɔ

[1] Roh SG, He ML, Matsunaga N, Hidaka S, Hidari H. Mɔnu siwo dzi tsitsi ƒe lãmetsi si ɖea asi le peptide-2 ŋu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ le nyitsu ƒe ʋumenugbagbeviɣidɔ me. Lãwo Ŋuti Dzɔdzɔmeŋutinunya ƒe Agbalẽ 1997; 75 (10): 2744-2748.DOI: 10.2527/1997.75102744x.

[2] Yan M, Hernandez M, Xu R, Chen C. Ŋusẽ si GHRH kple GHRP-2 dɔdamɔnu kpɔna le vitro ɖe GH ƒe dodo kple GH, pituitary transcription factor-1, GHRH-xɔla, GH-secretagogue-xɔla kple somatostatin xɔla mRNA ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi le nyitsu ƒe lãkusi me lãmenugbagbeviwo me. Europa ƒe Dɔlékuiwutikewo Ŋuti Nuŋlɔɖigbalẽ 2004; 150 (2): 235-242.DOI: 10.1530 / eje.0.1500235.

[3] Haruta I, Fuku Y, Kinoshita K, kple ame bubuwo. Ƒe ɖeka ƒe tsitsimeŋusẽ si ɖea peptide-2 zazã to ŋɔti me nana ame ƒe kpekpeme kple suklidɔ nyona ɖe edzi le dɔnɔ si ƒe nuɖuɖumadzroame ƒe lãmekawo ƒe lãme gbɔdzɔ vevie me. Cachexia Sarcopenia kple Lãmetsi ƒe Agbalẽ 2015; 6(3): 237-241.DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12028.

[4] Chihara K, Shimatsu A, Hizuka N, Tanaka T, Seino Y, Katofor Y. Dodokpɔ bɔbɔe aɖe si wozãna tsɔ dia dɔlélewoe si zãa GH-si ɖea asi le peptide-2 ŋu le ame tsitsiwo ƒe GH ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ me. Europa ƒe Dɔlékuiwutikewo Ŋuti Nuŋlɔɖigbalẽ 2007; 157(1): 19-27.DOI: 10.1530/EJE-07-0066.

[5] Balasubramaniam A, Joshi R, Xɔlɔ̃ L. A., James J. H., kple ame bubuwo. GHRP-2 ɖea dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie si dzobibi hena vɛ le lãklewo me dzi kpɔtɔna. Ŋgɔyiyi le Dodokpɔ ƒe Atikewɔwɔ Kple Nugbagbeŋutinunya me 2009; 611: 571-572.DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-73657-0_251.

NYATAKAKAWO KPLE NUSIWO WOTSƆ ƑE NYATAKAKA SIWO KAtã WOÐO LE NYATAKAKADZRAÐOƑE SIA ME LA KPLE NYATAKAKAWO kaka KPLEE NUFIAFIA ƑE TAÐOÐOWO KO.  

Wotrɔ asi le atike siwo wona le nyatakakadzraɖoƒe sia ŋu na numekuku le vitro ɖeɖeko. Wowɔa numekuku le vitro (Latingbe me: *le ahuhɔ̃e me*, si gɔmee nye le ahuhɔ̃e me) le amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã godo. Atike siawo menye atikewo o, United States ƒe Nuɖuɖu Kple Atike Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (FDA) meda asi ɖe wo dzi o, eye mele be woazã wo atsɔ axe mɔ ɖe atikewɔwɔ, dɔléle, alo dɔléle aɖeke nu, adae, alo adae o. Se de se vevie be woatsɔ atike siawo ade amegbetɔ alo lãwo ƒe ŋutilã me le mɔ ɖesiaɖe nu.