Ghrp-2 10mg we yu de yuz

▎ GHRP-2 Struktrɔ

Sos: PubChem

Sikyɔn: AXAWFK Mɔlikul Fɔmula: C 45H 55N 9O6 Molikul Weyt: 817,98 g/mol CAS Nɔmba:158861-67-7 PubChem CID:6918245. Di wan dɛn we de wok Sinonim dɛn: Pralmɔrlin;pralmɔrɛlina;KP-102;pralmɔrɛlin

▎ GHRP-2  Risach

Wetin na di risach bakgrɔn fɔ GHRP-2?

di כmon we de gro de ple implεnt rol fכ mכtalman gro, divεlכpmεnt, εn mεtabolik bεlε. Fɔ lɔng tɛm naw, sayɛnsman dɛn dɔn de luk fɔ tin dɛn we go ebul fɔ kɔntrol di we aw i de kɔmɔt fayn fayn wan. di gכt hכmon-rilis pεpti dεm (GHRPs), we na wan klas כf sεntetik כligopεptida dεm we de mek di gכt hכmon rilis, dεn kכmכt as di fכs fכ risεch.

GHRP-2 de miks di akshכn fכ ghrelin bay we i de biεn di ghrelin rεsεpכta, we de aktibכt signal path dεm fכ efyushכn stimulate GH rilis. I de sho se i ebul fɔ no ɛn trit di ɔmon we de gro, fɔ intavyu pan anorexia, ɛn fɔ protɛkt frɔm di ɔgan dɛm we de pwɛl, we de drɛb dip risach pan di we aw i de wok ɛn aw fɔ yuz am.

Wetin na di mεkanism fכ akshכn fכ GHRP-2?

Rεgulεshכn fכ di Grכwth Hכmon Sekreshכn

we yu de akt pan di Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis:

GHRP-2 de mek di gכt hכmon (GH) rilis tru wan yכnik dual-kכmplimentari akshכn we de tכk bכt כl tu di haypothalamus εn di pituitary gland (Bowers CY). na di pituitary lεvεl, GHRP-2 de biεn di growth hכmon-rilis כmon rεsεpכta (GHS-R). we i de biεn GHS-R, GHRP-2 de initiet wan kaskad fכ intasεlulyar signal ivent dεm. fכ egzampl, i de aktibכt fכsfolaypaz C (PLC), we de katalayz di haydrolis fכ fכsfatidylinositol-4,5-bisfosfεt (PIP2) pan di sεl mεmbran insay inositol trisfosfεt (IP3) εn dayasilglisεrol (DAG). IP3 de promuot kalsiכm ayכn rilis frכm di εndoplasmik rεtikul, we DAG de aktibכt protin kinaz C (PKC), we de lid to GH rilis (Roh SG,). insay wan stכdi we yuz bovin pituitary sεl dεm, GHRP-2 pan difrεn kכnsantreshכn (10−⊃1;⊃3; to 10−7 M) sכmtεm inkrεs GH sekreshכn (P < 0.05), we sho se GHRP-2 de dayrekt stimulatory ifekt pan GH sekreshכn bay pituitary sεl dεm ^{[1] .}.

Sinerjistik Akshɔn wit Grɔw Hɔmɔn-Rilis Ɔmon (GHRH):

GHRP-2 de sho sinagεstik ifekt wit GHRH in stimulate GH rilis. we dεn kכ-administret to pituitary sεl dεm, dεn de akt tru difrεnt signal path dεm we kin kכnvεrj fכ protεkt GH sekreshכn. stכdi dεm sho se GHRH fכs de aktibכt adenylate cyclase (AC), we de εlevεt intasεlulyar cAMP lεvεl dεm fכ afta dat aktibכt protin kinase A (PKA), we de promuot GH jin transkripshכn εn GH sεntesis/rilis. di kכnvεshכn, GHRP-2 de εksyεrt in ifekt dεm via di PLC-IP3/DAG-PKC path we dεn dεskrεb oba. dεn sinagεstik intarakshכn de inkrεs GH rilis sכmtεm. insay ship pituitary sel εkspεriεns, כl tu GHRH (10 nM) εn GHRP-2 (100 nM) wan wan inkrεs GH mRNA lεvεl εn GH rilis in wan tεm-dipεndεnt we insay 0.5–2 awa; dis ifekt bin mak bכku we dεn kam togεda ^{[2] .}.

Rεgulεshכn fכ Grכw Hכmon Sekreshכn:

GHRP-2 de mek di gכt hכmon (GH) rilis tru wan yכnik dual-kכmplimentari akshכn, we de tכk to di haypothalamus εn di pituitary gland (Bowers CY) wan tεm. na di pituitary lεvεl, GHRP-2 de biεn di growth hכmon-rilis כmon rεsεpכta (GHS-R). we i de biεn GHS-R, GHRP-2 de initiet wan kaskad fכ intasεlulyar signal ivent dεm. fכ egzampl, i de aktibכt fכsfolaypas C (PLC), we de katalayz di haydrolis fכ fכsfatidylinositol 4,5-bisfosfεt (PIP2) pan di sεl mεmbran insay inositol trisfosfεt (IP3) εn dayasilglisεrol (DAG). IP3 de promuot kalsiכm ayכn rilis frכm di εndoplasmik rεtikul, we DAG de aktibכt protin kinaz C (PKC), we de lid to GH rilis (Roh SG,). insay wan stכdi we yuz bovin pituitary sεl dεm, GHRP-2 pan difrεn kכnsantreshכn (10−⊃1;⊃3; to 10−7 M) sכmtεm inkrεs GH sekreshכn (P < 0.05), we sho se GHRP-2 de dayrekt stimulatory ifekt pan GH sekreshכn bay pituitary sεl dεm ^{[1] .}.

Di Ifɛkt dɛn we di tritmɛnt kin gi pan Anorexia:

Fɔ di wan dɛn we gɛt anorexia, we dɛn gi GHRP-2 insay dɛn nos i kin mek dɛn fil angri ɛn it mɔ, i kin mek dɛn nɔ satis kwik kwik wan, ɛn i kin mek dɛn gɛt aypoglycemia simptom dɛn. Afta 14 mɔnt we dɛn gi di GHRP-2, smɔl smɔl di sik pipul dɛn bin gɛt 6.7 kg pan dɛn bɔdi wet. di mεkanism kin involv GHRP-2 we de akt lεk ghrelin rεsεpכta agonist fכ miks ghrelin in ifekt dεm, we de mכdulet di apεtit sεntr εn impruv di pasεnshכn in it bihayv εn nyutrishכnal stetכs ^[3]..

Figure 1 (A) chenj dεm na di bכdi wet, mכsul mas, εn fεt mas afta tritmεnt wit gכt hכmon we de rilis pεptida-2 (GHRP-2). Fεt εn mכsul mas bin evaluate yuz di bio-impedance mεtכd. כl di paramita dεm de inkrεs sכmtεm, wit di bכdi wet εn di de εnεji we dεn de it de go כp bay −1.5 to 2.4 kg εn 12% to 36%, rispεktivli, afta ghrelin infushכn. (B) chenj dεm na di gכt hכmon (GH) εn insulin lεk gכt fכktכ 1 (IGF-1) lεvεl dεm afta GHRP-2 tritmεnt. GH dכn dכn we IGF-1 inkrεs afta 12 mכnt. (C) Chenj dεm na di nyutrishכnal stetכs. rεtinol binding protin (RBP) εn tכtal protin (TP) bin rכs kwik kwik wan, wit albumin (Alb) we de inkrεs afta 4 mכnt. dis paramita dεm bin inkrεs mכr afta 12 mכnt. (D) Chenj dεm na di asil grεlin (AG) εn dεs-asil grεlin (DAG) lεvεl dεm afta GHRP-2 administreshכn. Fast DAG εn AG inkrεs, εn di DAG/AG rεshכn dכn afta 10 mכnt. BW; di wet we di bɔdi gɛt.

Sos: PubMed ^{[3] we dɛn pul am.}

Wetin na di mεdikal aplikεshכn dεm fכ GHRP-2?

diagnosis fכ di growth כmon sekreshכn dεfisiεns: GHRP-2 na klinik dεn de yuz am as diagnostik ejen fכ growth כmon dεfisiεns. fכ di adכlt gכt hכmon dεfichεns, di intanashכnal fכs layn diagnostik tεst na di insulin tכlerεns tεst (ITT). Bɔt bikɔs i kin mek bad bad tin apin, i nɔ kin fayn fɔ sɔm sik pipul dɛn. stכdi dεn dכn prכpos fכ yuz GHRP-2 fכ no di adכlt growth כmon dεfisiεns (GHD). Di st ɔ di inrɔl 77 wɛlbɔdi pipul dɛn ɛn 58 pasɛnt dɛn wit pik GH < 3 μg/L as dɛn disayd bay ITT. Ɔl di savant dɛn bin gɛt intravenɔs injɛkshɔn we na 100 μg GHRP-2, dɔn dɛn tek blɔd sɛmpul fɔ di 2 awa we bin apin afta dat. GH lεvεl dεm bin mεzj yuz wan immunoradiometric assay. Rizult sho se ɔl di savant dɛn sho pik sɛrum GH insay 60 minit post-GHRP-2 administreshɔn. GH rεspכns to GHRP-2 nכ bin afekt bay jεnda. Pan ɔl we di ansa dɛn bin smɔl smɔl pan ol pipul dɛn ɛn pipul dɛn we fat, dis nɔ bin kɔmprɔmis GHD diagnosis. Ripit tɛst sho se dɛn ebul fɔ riprodyuz dis we fayn fayn wan. we yu de yuz GHRP-2 fכ no GHD, wan kכtכf valyu we na 15 μg/L kכrεkt to di diagnostik valyu we na 3 μg/L insay di ITT, we de sho se fכ set wan aprכpriet sεrum GH kכnsantreshכn kכtכf de rili diagnose siriכs gכt hכmon dεfisiεns ^[4]..

Tritmɛnt fɔ Anorexia: Fɔ pasɛnt dɛn we gɛt lɔng histri fɔ anorexia, GHRP-2 kin ripresent wan prɔmis tritmɛnt ɛjɛn. Wan stכdi bin gi GHRP-2 intranasal bifo εvri it fכ wan ia to wan pasεnt we gεt 20 ia histri fכ anorexia. Bifo dɛn trit am, pan ɔl we di pɔsin in fred fɔ it ɛn di we aw i bin want fɔ tan bin dɔn stɔp tru di tritmɛnt dɛn we i bin dɔn gɛt trade, di we aw in bɛlɛ nɔ bin de wok fayn, dat bin mek i nɔ bin de it mɔ it ɛn i nɔ bin de gɛt mɔ wet. Di sayn dɛm na fɔ vɔmit afta yu it, kɔnstipɛshɔn, sɔb-intestinal ɔbstrakshɔn, ɛn haypoglycemia. Fɔ fala GHRP-2 administreshɔn, di pɔsin bin gɛt inkris angri ɛn it intake, ridyus ali satiety, haypoglycemia simptom impruv, ɛn bɔdi wet inkris smɔl smɔl bay 6.7 kg (frɔm 21.1 kg to 27.8 kg) insay 14 mɔnt afta i bigin tritmɛnt. Taya ɛn mɔsul trɛnk impɔtant, fizik ɛn maynd aktiviti inkris, ɛn dɛn nɔ si ɛni impɔtant sayd ɛfɛkt wit lɔng tɛm intranasal administreshɔn. Dis sho se GHRP-2 kin bi wan fayn tritmɛnt ɛjɛn fɔ di wan dɛn we gɛt siriɔs kronik anorexia ^[3]..

Fɔ stɔp di Bɔn-Indyuz Dysfunction: Fɔ fala siriɔs bɔn, inkris prodakshɔn fɔ katabɔlik ɔmon ɛn inflammatory saytokɛn alongsay di dɛkɛd anabolik ɔmon lɛvɛl de mek mɛtabolik haypa aktiviti, ridyus slim bɔdi mas, ɛn mɔsul west. Pan ɔl we dɛn dɔn prɔpos ɔ yuz difrɛn tritmɛnt dɛn lɛk ɛksɛsayz ɛn fɔ yuz anabolic ɔmon (insulin, growth hormone, IGF-I, ɔ steroids), dɛn ifɛkt dɛn stil de suboptimal. di εkspiriεnshכn risכlt dεm sho se di nyu we dεn aylכt anti-kashεksia pεptida ghrelin de dכwnrεgulεt insay post-bכn rat dεm. εksojen ghrelin kin mek di wet lכs bak bay we i de inkrεs fכ it εn i de εnhans mכsul mas insay mays. i de ridyus bak signifyantli skel mכsul protin dεgradashכn in bכn rat bay we i nכmal mכsul mRNA εksprεshכn fכ E3 ubiquitin ligase, MuRF1, εn MAFbx. di sכt haf layf fכ ghrelin de limited in klinik aplikεshכn. difrεnt frכm dat, di sεntetik hεksapεptida growth hכmon-rilis pεptida 2 (GHRP-2) na stebul εn pכtεnt GHRP rεsεptכr agonist we de inkrεs di bכdi wet insay rodεnt, de sho anti-inflammatory ifekt insay at at rat, εn impruv katabolik mεtabolism insay krεs sik pasεnshכn dεm. GHRP-2 de infכlכp di bכdi wet, di it we i de it, εn di skel mכsul protin dεm we de brok insay rodεnt dεm we dεn bכn, we de mitigate di bכn-indyus disfכnkshכn [5].

Dɔn

GHRP-2 de aktibכt gכt hכmon sekreshכn bay we i de stimulate rilevεnt signal path dεm tru in akshכn pan GHS-R insay di haypothalamic-pituitary aks. pan mεdikal, i kin no if yu gכt hכmon dεm εn trit kכndyushכn dεm lεk anorexia, sεptik akyu kidni injuri, εn post-burn dysfunction, εn i kin sho bak analgesic εn antioxidant ifekt dεm.

Bɔt di pɔsin we rayt di buk

Di tin dɛn we wi dɔn tɔk bɔt ɔp, na ɔl di tin dɛn we Cocer Peptides dɔn du risach, ɛdit ɛn kɔmpilayt.

Sayɛns Jɔnal Author

Haruta I na klinik-sayntis we gɛt fɔ du wit di Dipatmɛnt fɔ Saykosomatik Intanɛt Mɛdisin na Kagoshima Yunivasiti in Grɛdyut Skul fɔ Mɛdikal ɛn Dɛntal Sayns na Jepan. In transleshɔnal risach de pe atɛnshɔn pan ɛndokrin ɛn mɛtabolik intavɛnshɔn dɛn na siriɔs anorexia nervosa. Haruta I de na di list insay di rɛfrɛns fɔ saytayshɔn [3].

▎ Saytayshɔn dɛn we gɛt fɔ du wit dis

[1] Roh SG, He ML, Matsunaga N, Hidaka S, Hidari H. Mεkanism dεm fכ akshכn fכ gכt hכmon-rilis pεptida-2 insay bovin pituitary sεl dεm. J ɔ rnal ɔ f Animal Sayns 1997; 75 (10): 2744-2748.DOI: 10.2527/1997.75102744x.

[2] Yan M, Hernandez M, Xu R, Chen C. Efεkt כf GHRH εn GHRP-2 tritmεnt in vitro pan GH sekreshכn εn lεvεl dεm fכ GH, pituitary transkripshכn fכktכ-1, GHRH-rεsεptor, GH-sεkrεtagog-rεsεptor εn somatostatin rεsεptכr mRNA dεm na ovin pituitary sεl dεm. Yuropian Jɔnal fɔ Ɛndokrinɔlɔji 2004; 150 (2): 235-242.DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1500235.

[3] Haruta I, Fuku Y, Kinoshita K, ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. wan ia intranasal aplikeshכn fכ gכt hכmon we de rilis pεptida-2 de impruv bכdi wet εn haypoglycemia insay wan sikman we gεt anorexia nervosa we rili εmaciated. J ɔ rnal ɔ f Kach ɛksia Sarkopenia ɛn Mɔsul 2015; 6(3): 237-241.DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12028. Di wan dɛn we de stɔdi bɔt di Baybul.

[4] Chihara K, Shimatsu A, Hizuka N, Tanaka T, Seino Y, Katofor Y. Wan simpul diagnostik tεst we de yuz GH-rilis pεptida-2 insay adכlt GH dεfisiεns. Yuropian Jɔnal fɔ Ɛndokrinɔlɔji 2007; 157(1): 19-27.DOI: 10.1530/EJE-07-0066.

[5] Balasubramaniam A, Joshi R, Frɛnd L. A., Jems J. H., ɛn ɔda pipul dɛn. GHRP-2 de attenuate di bכn-indyus disfכnkshכn dεm na rodεnt dεm. Advans in Ɛkspirimɛnt Mɛdisin ɛn Bayoloji 2009; 611: 571-572.DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-73657-0_251.

ƆL DI ATIKUL ƐN PRODƆKT INFƆMƐSHƆN WE DƐN GI NA DIS WƐBSAYT NA FƆ ƆL FƆ DI INFƆMƐSHƆN ƐN FƆ EDYUKESHƆN.  

Di prɔdak dɛn we dɛn gi na dis wɛbsayt na fɔ in vitro risach nɔmɔ. in vitro risach (Latin: *in glas*, we min insay glas) dεn de du am ausayd mכtalman bכdi. Dɛn prɔdak ya nɔto mɛrɛsin, dɛn nɔ gɛt di aprɔval frɔm di US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), ɛn dɛn nɔ fɔ yuz dɛn fɔ protɛkt, trit, ɔ mɛn ɛni mɛrɛsin, sik, ɔ sik. Di lɔ nɔ gri fɔ mek dɛn put dɛn tin ya insay mɔtalman ɔ animal bɔdi ɛni we.