Ghrp-2 10mg

▎ GHRP-2 Ọdịdị

Isi mmalite: PubChem

Usoro: AXAWFK Ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ: C 45H 55N 9O6 Ibu ibu: 817.98 g/mol Nọmba CAS: 158861-67-7 PubChem CID: 6918245 Okwu okwu: Pralmorelin;pralmorelina;KP-102;pralmoreline

▎ GHRP-2  Nnyocha

Kedu ihe ndabere nyocha nke GHRP-2?

Hormone uto na-ekere òkè dị mkpa na uto mmadụ, mmepe na nguzozi metabolic. Ọ dịla anya ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị achọọla ihe ndị nwere ike ịhazi ihe nzuzo ya nke ọma. peptides na-ewepụta homonụ na-eto eto (GHRPs), otu klas nke oligopeptides sịntetik nke na-akpali mwepụta homonụ uto, apụtala dị ka ebe nyocha.

GHRP-2 na-eṅomi omume ghrelin site na ijikọ na onye na-anabata ghrelin, na-eme ka ụzọ mgbaàmà rụọ ọrụ iji kpalie ntọhapụ GH nke ọma. Ọ na-egosipụta ike n'ịchọpụta na ịgwọ ụkọ hormone nke uto, itinye aka na anorexia, na ichebe mmebi akụkụ ahụ, na-eme nchọpụta miri emi n'ime usoro ya na ngwa ya.

Gịnị bụ usoro nke omume maka GHRP-2?

Iwu nke Nzuzo Hormone Uto

Na-arụ ọrụ na Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis:

GHRP-2 na-akpali mwepụta nke homonụ na-eto eto (GH) site na mmemme nkwado abụọ pụrụ iche na-elekwasị anya ma hypothalamus na gland pituitary (Bowers CY). N'ọkwa pituitary, GHRP-2 na-ejikọta ya na onye na-anabata hormone na-ewepụta hormone na-eto eto (GHS-R). Mgbe ejikọtara ya na GHS-R, GHRP-2 na-ebute ihe omume nrịbama intracellular. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ na-eme ka phospholipase C (PLC) rụọ ọrụ, nke na-eme ka hydrolysis nke phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) dị na akpụkpọ ahụ cell n'ime inositol trisphosphate (IP3) na diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 na-akwalite mwepụta calcium ion site na reticulum endoplasmic, ebe DAG na-arụ ọrụ protein kinase C (PKC), n'ikpeazụ na-eduga na ntọhapụ GH (Roh SG,). N'ime ọmụmụ ihe na-eji mkpụrụ ndụ pituitary bovine, GHRP-2 na mkpokọta dị iche iche (10⁻⊃1;⊃3; ka 10⁻⁷ M) mụbara GH secretion (P <0.05), na-egosi mmetụta mkpali kpọmkwem nke GHRP-2 na nzuzo GH site na mkpụrụ ndụ pituitary ^[1].

Omume mmekọrịta yana Hormone na-ewepụta Hormone (GHRH):

GHRP-2 na-egosipụta mmetụta synergistic na GHRH na-akpali akpali ntọhapụ GH. Mgbe a na-ejikọta ya na sel pituitary, ha na-eme site na ụzọ mgbaàmà dị iche iche nke na-emecha na-agbakọta iji kwalite nzuzo GH. Nnyocha na-egosi na GHRH na-ebuli adenylate cyclase (AC), na-ebuli ọkwa intracellular cAMP ka emechaa rụọ ọrụ protein kinase A (PKA), si otú ahụ na-akwalite nsụgharị GH na njikọ GH. N'aka nke ọzọ, GHRP-2 na-arụ ọrụ ya site na ụzọ PLC-IP3/DAG-PKC akọwara n'elu. Mkpakọrịta mmekọrịta ha na-abawanye nke ukwuu ntọhapụ GH. N'ime nnwale sel pituitary atụrụ, ma GHRH (10 nM) na GHRP-2 (100 nM) n'otu n'otu mụbara ọkwa GH mRNA na mwepụta GH n'ụdị dabere na oge n'ime awa 0.5-2; mmetụta a ka emelitere nke ọma mgbe ejikọtara ya ^[2].

Iwu nke nzuzo Hormone uto:

GHRP-2 na-akpali ntọhapụ nke homonụ na-eto eto (GH) site na omume nkwado abụọ pụrụ iche, n'otu oge na-elekwasị anya na hypothalamus na pituitary gland (Bowers CY). N'ọkwa pituitary, GHRP-2 na-ejikọta ya na onye na-anabata hormone na-ewepụta hormone na-eto eto (GHS-R). Mgbe ejikọtara ya na GHS-R, GHRP-2 na-ebute ihe omume nrịbama intracellular. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ọ na-eme ka phospholipase C (PLC) rụọ ọrụ, nke na-eme ka hydrolysis nke phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) dị na akpụkpọ ahụ cell n'ime inositol trisphosphate (IP3) na diacylglycerol (DAG). IP3 na-akwalite mwepụta calcium ion site na reticulum endoplasmic, ebe DAG na-arụ ọrụ protein kinase C (PKC), n'ikpeazụ na-eduga na ntọhapụ GH (Roh SG,). N'ime ọmụmụ ihe na-eji mkpụrụ ndụ pituitary bovine, GHRP-2 na mkpokọta dị iche iche (10⁻⊃1;⊃3; ka 10⁻⁷ M) mụbara GH secretion (P <0.05), na-egosi mmetụta mkpali kpọmkwem nke GHRP-2 na nzuzo GH site na mkpụrụ ndụ pituitary ^[1].

Mmetụta ọgwụgwọ na Anorexia:

Maka ndị ọrịa nwere anorexia, nchịkwa intranasal nke GHRP-2 na-abawanye agụụ na iri nri, na-ebelata satiety n'oge, na-eme ka mgbaàmà hypoglycemia dịkwuo mma. Mgbe ọnwa 14 nke nchịkwa GHRP-2 gasịrị, ndị ọrịa ji nwayọọ nwayọọ nweta kilogram 6.7 n'ịdị arọ ahụ. Usoro ahụ nwere ike ịgụnye GHRP-2 ime dị ka ghrelin agonist receptor agonist iji ṅomie mmetụta ghrelin, si otú ahụ gbanwee ebe agụụ na-emeziwanye omume iri nri na ọnọdụ nri ndị ọrịa ^[3].

Ọnụọgụ 1 (A) Mgbanwe na ịdị arọ ahụ, oke anụ ahụ, na oke abụba mgbe a gwọchara ya na hormone uto na-ahapụ peptide-2 (GHRP-2). A na-enyocha oke abụba na uru ahụ site na iji usoro bio- impedance. Usoro niile ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye, na ịdị arọ ahụ na oriri ike kwa ụbọchị na-ebili site na -1.5 ruo 2.4 n'arọ na 12% ruo 36%, n'otu n'otu, mgbe infusion ghrelin gasịrị. (B) Mgbanwe na hormone na-eto eto (GH) na insulin-dị ka ihe na-eto eto 1 (IGF-1) na-esote ọgwụgwọ GHRP-2. GH gbadara ebe IGF-1 mụbara mgbe ọnwa iri na abụọ gachara. (C) Mgbanwe na ọkwa nri. Retinol binding protein (RBP) na ngụkọta protein (TP) bilitere ngwa ngwa, yana albumin (Alb) na-abawanye mgbe ọnwa 4 gachara. Paragraf ndị a abawanyela mgbe ọnwa iri na abụọ gachara. (D) Mgbanwe na ọkwa acyl ghrelin (AG) na des-acyl ghrelin (DAG) mgbe nchịkwa GHRP-2 gasịrị. Ibu ọnụ DAG na AG mụbara, yana DAG/AG ruru belata ka ọnwa 10 gachara. BW; ibu ahu.

Isi mmalite: PubMed ^[3]

Kedu ihe bụ ngwa ahụike nke GHRP-2?

Nchọpụta nke ụkọ ihe nzuzo nke hormone uto: GHRP-2 na-eji ụlọ ọgwụ eme ihe dị ka onye na-achọpụta ọrịa maka ụkọ hormone uto. Maka ụkọ homonụ na-eto eto ndị okenye, ule nyocha izizi nke mba ụwa bụ nnwale nnabata insulin (ITT). Otú ọ dị, n'ihi na ọ nwere ike ịkpata ajọ omume ọjọọ, ọ bụ contraindicated maka ụfọdụ ndị ọrịa. Nnyocha e mere atụpụtala iji GHRP-2 chọpụta ụkọ homonụ na-eto eto (GHD). Ọmụmụ ihe ahụ debanyere isiokwu 77 ahụike yana ndị ọrịa 58 nwere oke GH <3 μg/L dị ka ITT kpebiri. Ndị isi niile nwetara ntụtụ n'intravenous nke 100 μg GHRP-2, na-esote nlele ọbara n'ime awa 2 sochirinụ. A tụrụ ọkwa GH site na iji nyocha immunoradiometric. Nsonaazụ gosiri na isiokwu niile gosipụtara ọbara ọbara kacha elu n'ime nkeji 60 ka nchịkwa GHRP-2 gasịrị. GH anabataghị GHRP-2 site na okike emetụtaghị ya. Agbanyeghị na nzaghachi dị ntakịrị ala na ndị agadi na ndị buru oke ibu, nke a emebighị nchọpụta GHD. Nnwale ugboro ugboro gosipụtara ezi mmụgharị nke usoro a. Mgbe ị na-eji GHRP-2 iji chọpụta GHD, ọnụ ahịa mbelata nke 15 μg/L kwekọrọ na uru diagnostic nke 3 μg/L na ITT, na-egosi na ịtọ ntọala GH ịta ahụhụ kwesịrị ekwesị na-achọpụta nke ọma ụkọ homonụ na-eto eto ^[4].

Ọgwụgwọ Anorexia: Maka ndị ọrịa nwere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke anorexia, GHRP-2 nwere ike ịnọchite anya onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ na-ekwe nkwa. Otu nnyocha e mere GHRP-2 intranasally tupu nri ọ bụla otu afọ nye onye ọrịa nwere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke anorexia afọ 20. Tupu ọgwụgwọ, ọ bụ ezie na ụjọ onye ọrịa na-atụ maka iri nri na agụụ ịdị gịrịgịrị ebelatala site na usoro ọgwụgwọ ndị gara aga, ọrịa eriri afọ na-egbochi ịba ụba nke nri na ibu ibu. Mgbaàmà gụnyere vomiting postprandial, afọ ntachi, mgbochi eriri afọ, na hypoglycemia. N'ịgbaso nchịkwa GHRP-2, onye ọrịa ahụ nwetara agụụ na iri nri, belata satiety n'oge, mgbaàmà hypoglycemia ka mma, na ịdị arọ ahụ ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-abawanye site na 6.7 kg (site na 21.1 n'arọ ruo 27.8 n'arọ) n'ime ọnwa 14 nke mmalite ọgwụgwọ. Ike ike ọgwụgwụ na ahụ ike na-akawanye mma, ọrụ anụ ahụ na nke uche na-abawanye, ọ dịghịkwa mmetụta dị ịrịba ama na-ahụ maka nchịkwa intranasal ogologo oge. Nke a na-egosi na GHRP-2 nwere ike ịbụ onye na-ahụ maka ọgwụgwọ dị irè maka ndị ọrịa nwere nnukwu anorexia na-adịghị ala ala ^[3].

Na-ebelata arụrụ arụ nke ọkụ na-akpata: Na-eso oke ọkụ, mmụba nke hormones catabolic na cytokines na-egbuke egbuke n'akụkụ mbelata ọkwa hormone anabolic na-eduga na hyperactivity metabolic, mbelata ahụ siri ike, na ịla n'iyi. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-atụ aro ma ọ bụ jiri usoro ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche dị ka mgbatị ahụ na iji hormones anabolic (insulin, hormone na-eto eto, IGF-I, ma ọ bụ steroid) mee ihe, mmetụta ha na-anọgide na-adị mma. Nsonaazụ nnwale na-egosi na a na-achịkwa ọgwụ mgbochi cachexia peptide ghrelin nke dịpụrụ adịpụ na oke ọkụ ọkụ. Exogenous ghrelin nwere ike iweghachi oke ibu site n'ịba ụba oriri na ịkwalite oke akwara na ụmụ oke. Ọ na-ebelata nke ọma nbibi protein anụ ahụ skeletal na oke ọkụ site na imezi okwu mRNA muscle nke E3 ubiquitin ligase, MuRF1, na MAFbx. Ogologo ndụ ọkara nke ghrelin na-egbochi ngwa ụlọ ọgwụ ya. N'ụzọ dị iche, synthetic hexapeptide growth hormone na-ewepụta peptide 2 (GHRP-2) bụ onye na-anabata GHRP kwụsiri ike ma dị ike nke na-eme ka ịdị arọ ahụ dị na òké, na-egosipụta mmetụta mgbochi mkpali na oke arthritic, ma na-eme ka metabolism nke catabolic na ndị ọrịa na-arịa ọrịa siri ike. GHRP-2 na-emetụta ịdị arọ nke ahụ, oriri nri, na mgbaka protein akwara skeletal n'ime oke ọkụ, na-ebelata nrụrụ ọkụ na-akpata [5].

Mmechi

GHRP-2 na-arụ ọrụ nzuzo nke hormone uto site na ịkpali ụzọ mgbaàmà dị mkpa site na omume ya na GHS-R n'ime axis hypothalamic-pituitary. N'ịgwọ ahụike, ọ nwere ike ịchọpụta ụkọ hormone na-eto eto ma na-agwọ ọnọdụ ndị dị ka anorexia, septic nnukwu akụrụ mmerụ ahụ, na nkwụsị ọkụ ọkụ, ebe ọ na-egosipụtakwa mmetụta analgesic na antioxidant.

Banyere Onye dere ya

Ihe niile a kpọtụrụ aha n'elu bụ Cocer Peptides na-enyocha, dezie ma chịkọta ya.

Onye ode akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị

Haruta I bụ onye dibia-ọkà mmụta sayensị jikọtara ya na ngalaba nke Psychosomatic Internal Medicine na Kagoshima University's Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences na Japan. Nchọpụta ntụgharị asụsụ ya gbadoro anya na usoro endocrine na usoro metabolic na oke anorexia nervosa. A na-edepụta Haruta I n'akwụkwọ ntụaka [3].

▎ Okwu ndị dị mkpa

[1] Roh SG, He ML, Matsunaga N, Hidaka S, Hidari H. Usoro ọrụ nke hormone-eto eto na-ewepụta peptide-2 na sel pituitary bovine. Akwụkwọ akụkọ sayensị anụmanụ 1997; 75 (10): 2744-2748.DOI: 10.2527/1997.75102744x.

[2] Yan M, Hernandez M, Xu R, Chen C. Mmetụta nke GHRH na GHRP-2 ọgwụgwọ in vitro na GH secretion na ọkwa nke GH, pituitary transcription factor-1, GHRH-receptor, GH-secretagogue-receptor na somatostatin receptor mRNAs na ovine pituitary cell. Akwụkwọ akụkọ European nke Endocrinology 2004; 150 (2): 235-242.DOI: 10.1530/eje.0.1500235.

[3] Haruta I, Fuku Y, Kinoshita K, et al. Ngwa intranasal otu afọ nke homonụ uto na-ewepụta peptide-2 na-eme ka ịdị arọ ahụ dịkwuo mma yana hypoglycemia n'ime onye ọrịa anorexia nervosa dara nke ukwuu. Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke Cachexia Sarcopenia na Muscle 2015; 6(3): 237-241.DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12028.

[4] Chihara K, Shimatsu A, Hizuka N, Tanaka T, Seino Y, Katofor Y. Nnwale nyocha dị mfe site na iji GH-na-ewepụta peptide-2 na erughi GH okenye. Akwụkwọ akụkọ European nke Endocrinology 2007; 157(1): 19-27.DOI: 10.1530/EJE-07-0066.

[5] Balasubramaniam A, Joshi R, Enyi LA, James JH. GHRP-2 na-ebelata arụrụ arụ nke ọkụ na-ebute na òké. Ọganihu na Ọgwụ nnwale na usoro ndu 2009; 611: 571-572.DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-73657-0_251.

Edemede na ozi ngwaahịa niile enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka mgbasa ozi na ebumnuche mmụta.  

Ngwaahịa ndị enyere na webụsaịtị a bụ naanị maka nyocha in vitro. A na-eme nyocha in vitro (Latin: * na iko *, nke pụtara na ihe eji enyo) na mpụga ahụ mmadụ. Ngwaahịa ndị a abụghị ọgwụ, ndị US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) akwadobeghị ya, ha agaghịkwa eji ya gbochie, gwọọ, ma ọ bụ gwọọ ọnọdụ ahụike ọ bụla, ọrịa, ma ọ bụ ọrịa. Iwu amachibidoro nke ọma iwebata ngwaahịa ndị a n'ime ahụ mmadụ ma ọ bụ anụmanụ n'ụdị ọ bụla.