Cocer Peptides ye 
ŋlɔe ɣleti 1 enye sia
NYATAKAKAWO KPLE NUSIWO WOTSƆ ƑE NYATAKAKA SIWO KAtã WOÐO LE NYATAKAKADZRAÐOƑE SIA ME LA KPLE NYATAKAKAWO kaka KPLEE NUFIAFIA ƑE TAÐOÐOWO KO.
Wotrɔ asi le atike siwo wona le nyatakakadzraɖoƒe sia ŋu na numekuku le vitro ɖeɖeko. Wowɔa numekuku le vitro (Latingbe me: *le ahuhɔ̃e me*, si gɔmee nye le ahuhɔ̃e me) le amegbetɔ ƒe ŋutilã godo. Atike siawo menye atikewo o, United States ƒe Nuɖuɖu Kple Atike Ŋuti Dɔwɔƒe (FDA) meda asi ɖe wo dzi o, eye mele be woazã wo atsɔ axe mɔ ɖe atikewɔwɔ, dɔléle, alo dɔléle aɖeke nu, adae, alo adae o. Se de se vevie be woatsɔ atike siawo ade amegbetɔ alo lãwo ƒe ŋutilã me le mɔ ɖesiaɖe nu.
Le agbeŋutinunya gome la, tsitsi nye numekuku vevi aɖe tso gbaɖegbe ke. Esi numekuku siwo ku ɖe tsitsi ƒe mɔnuwo ŋu yi edzi le goglom ɖe edzi la, akpa si nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) wɔna le tsitsi ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me la na amewo va le ŋku lém ɖe eŋu geɖe wu. Esi wònye coenzyme si kpɔa gome le ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ vevi geɖe me le lãmenugbagbeviwo me ta la, wokpɔe be NAD+ do ƒome kplikplikpli kple tsitsi ƒe dɔwɔwɔ.
Nɔnɔmetata 1 NAD ƒe nugbagbewo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ. NAD ɖɔa ŋusẽ ƒe dadasɔ, nuteɖeamedzi ƒe ŋuɖoɖo, kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe homeostasis ɖo to sirtuins, PARPs, kple redox enzyme vovovowo dzi.
NAD+ ƒe Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe Dɔwɔnawo Ŋuti Nyatakaka Kpuie
NAD+ nye coenzyme si le lãmenugbagbeviwo me geɖe, eye wòkpɔa gome le ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ vevi vovovowo me. Enɔa nɔnɔme eve me koŋ le lãmenugbagbeviwo me: oxidized form (NAD+) kple reduced form (NADH), si ate ŋu atrɔ ɖe wo nɔewo ŋu. Dadasɔ sia si me ŋusẽ le la le vevie ŋutɔ na lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie kple dɔwɔwɔ nyuie.
1. Ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ: NAD+ wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe gbɔgbɔ me. Le ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ ƒe mɔnuwo abe glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid ƒe tsatsam, kple oxidative phosphorylation me la, NAD+ wɔa dɔ abe elektrɔnik xɔla ene, xɔa elektrɔnik siwo dona le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe oxidation me tsɔ wɔa NADH. Emegbe NADH tsɔa elektrɔnikwo yia mitochondrial gbɔgbɔtsixe ƒe kɔsɔkɔsɔa me, afisi oxidative phosphorylation naa adenosine triphosphate (ATP) dona le, si naa ŋusẽ lãmenugbagbevi la. Dɔwɔwɔ sia nana be lãmenugbagbeviwo te ŋu kpɔa ŋusẽ si sɔ ɣesiaɣi be woalé woƒe ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ siwo sɔ, abe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsitsi, mama, kple wo dzadzraɖo ene me ɖe asi.
Le glycolysis me la, 3-phosphoglycerate tsɔa hydrogen atɔmwo yia NAD+ me le 3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase ƒe dɔwɔwɔ te, si wɔnɛ be NADH kple 1,3-diphosphoglycerate dona. Emegbe NADH tsɔa elektrɔnikwo yia ɔksidzin me to gbɔgbɔtsixe ƒe kɔsɔkɔsɔ si le mitochondria me dzi, si wɔnɛ be tsi dona mlɔeba eye wòtsɔa ATP ƒe wɔwɔme kpena ɖe eŋu. Esia ɖee fia be NAD+ nye lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ ƒe akpa vevi aɖe, eye tɔtrɔ siwo vaa eƒe agbɔsɔsɔ me kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe ŋusẽ wɔwɔ nyuie dzi tẽ.
2. DNA dzadzraɖo: NAD + nye nusi wotsɔ wɔa poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) ƒomea. Ne PARP de dzesi DNA teƒe siwo gblẽ eye wòbla ɖe wo ŋu vɔ la, ezãa NAD+ abe nusi wotsɔ ɖoa anyi ene tsɔ tsɔa ADP-ribose ƒuƒoƒowo yia eɖokui alo protein bubuwo me, eye wòwɔa poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) kɔsɔkɔsɔwo. PAR kɔsɔkɔsɔ siawo ate ŋu axɔ protein siwo kplɔ wo nɔewo ɖo siwo kpɔa gome le DNA ɖɔɖɔɖo me, abe DNA ligase kple DNA polymerase ene, ahawɔ dɔ, si ana woadze DNA ɖɔɖɔɖodɔa gɔme. Ne lãmenugbagbeviwo do go DNA ƒe gbegblẽ si nusiwo abe ultraviolet keklẽ alo atikewo hena vɛ ene la, PARP-NAD+ ɖoɖoa wɔa nu kabakaba tsɔ dzraa DNA si gblẽ ɖo eye wòléa domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe liƒo me ɖe asi. Ne NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ mesɔ gbɔ o la, woxea mɔ na PARP ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, si wɔnɛ be DNA ɖɔɖɔɖo ƒe ŋutete dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna, domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe malikenyenye dzina ɖe edzi, eye lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsitsi kple dɔléle ƒe gɔmedzedze kabakaba.
3. Proteinwo ƒe tɔtrɔ le gbegɔmeɖeɖe megbe: NAD+ hã kpɔa gome le sirtuin ƒomea ƒe proteinwo ƒe nuwɔna siwo ʋãa wo me. Sirtuins nye deacetylases siwo nɔa te ɖe NAD+ dzi ƒe hatsotso aɖe si ate ŋu aɖe acetyl ƒe tɔtrɔwo ɖa le lysine ƒe nugbagbevi siwo susɔ le proteinwo dzi me. Deacetylation ƒe tɔtrɔ sia ɖɔa protein gbogbo aɖewo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, woƒe liƒo, kple woƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo te nɔnɔ ɖo, si wɔnɛ be wokpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, nuteɖeamedzi ƒe ŋuɖoɖo, tsitsi, kple ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ bubuwo dzi. Le kpɔɖeŋu me, SIRT1 ate ŋu aɖɔ nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe nusiwo le abe p53 kple FOXO ene ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖo to deacetylation ƒe tɔtrɔ me, si ana wòakpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsatsam, apoptosis, kple antioxidant stress processes dzi. Ne lãmenugbagbeviwo le nuteɖeamedzi me la, SIRT1 ɖea p53 ɖa to NAD+ ɖuɖu me, si wɔnɛ be wòxea mɔ na p53 ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, eɖea apoptosis ƒe dzɔdzɔ dzi kpɔtɔna, eye wòdoa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe agbetsitsi ŋutete ɖe ŋgɔ.
Tɔtrɔ siwo vaa NAD+ ƒe Agbɔsɔsɔme Me le Tsitsi Me
Numekukuwo ɖee fia be ne ame tsi la, NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna vivivi le ŋutilã ƒe lãkusi kple lãmenugbagbevi geɖe me. Wokpɔ ɖiɖi sia le lã ƒomevi vovovowo me, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye lã siwo naa no wo viwo, nematodes, kple atikutsetse me ʋetsuviwo, si fia be NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ ate ŋu anye nudzɔdzɔ si wokpɔ ta na le tsitsi ƒe ɖoɖoa me.
1. Tɔtrɔ siwo vaa lãmekawo koŋ dzi: Afisi NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna kple eƒe mɔnuwo ne ame tsi ate ŋu ato vovo le lãmeka vovovowo me. Le ƒunukpeƒeŋusẽ me la, tsitsi kpena ɖe enzyme vevi siwo le NAD+ ƒe nugbagbewo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu dzi ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ ŋu, si wɔnɛ be NAD+ ƒe wɔwɔme dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna. NAD+ ɖula ƒe enzymewo abe CD38 ene ƒe ɖeɖefia kple dɔwɔwɔ dzina ɖe edzi, si wɔnɛ be NAD+ ƒe gbegblẽ kabakaba eye mlɔeba la, enaa NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna ŋutɔ le ƒunukpeƒeŋusẽ me. Le aklã me la, tsɔ kpe ɖe tɔtrɔ siwo míeyɔ va yi le nuwɔwɔ kple eƒe gbegblẽ ƒe mɔnuwo me ŋu la, tsitsi ate ŋu akpɔ ŋusẽ ɖe NAD+ ƒe tsɔtsɔ yi teƒe bubuwo ƒe ɖoɖowo hã dzi, si ana NAD+ mama le lãmenugbagbeviwo me nada asɔ o eye wòaɖe eƒe agbɔsɔsɔ nyuitɔ dzi akpɔtɔ geɖe wu.
2. Kadodo kple dɔléle siwo do ƒome kple tsitsi: NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ do ƒome kplikplikpli kple dɔléle vovovo siwo do ƒome kple tsitsi ƒe gɔmedzedze kple woƒe ŋgɔyiyi. Le dzitodzito me dɔlélewo me la, dzitodzito me lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna si tsitsi hena vɛ hea ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ ƒe kuxiwo, oxidative stress dzina ɖe edzi, kple dzitodzito me lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe apoptosis vɛ, si wɔnɛ be dzitodzito ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie gasẽna ɖe edzi. Le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔlélewo abe Alzheimer ƒe dɔléle kple Parkinson ƒe dɔléle ene me la, ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe DNA ɖɔɖɔɖo kple protein ƒe homeostasis dzi, si doa ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe aɖi proteinwo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo kple ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe ku ɖe ŋgɔ. Lãmetsiŋusẽdɔlélewo abe suklidɔ ene hã do ƒome kple NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna, elabena NAD+ ƒe anyimanɔmanɔ gblẽa nu le insulin ƒe dodo kple insulin ƒe seselelãme ŋu, si wɔnɛ be ʋumesukli ƒe ɖoɖo si mesɔ o dona.
Mɔnu siwo dzi NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ tona doa tsitsi ɖe ŋgɔ
1. **Ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ ƒe kuxiwo**: NAD+ wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ me. Ne ƒexɔxɔ le dzidzim ɖe edzi la, NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ hea ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ ƒe mɔnuwo ƒe gbegblẽ vɛ eye ATP wɔwɔ dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna. Menye ɖeko esia kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie dzi ko o, ke ehea nusiwo woatsɔ axe fe ɖe eta ƒe ŋuɖoɖo vovovowo hã vɛ, abe mitochondria ƒe dzidziɖedzi fũ akpa kple dɔwɔwɔ ƒe masɔmasɔwo ene. Mitochondria ye nye lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe ŋusẽdoamenuwo; ne NAD+ mesɔ gbɔ o la, mitochondrial gbɔgbɔtsixe ƒe kɔsɔkɔsɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ gblẽna, si wɔnɛ be oxygen ƒomevi siwo wɔa dɔ (ROS) ƒe wɔwɔme dzina ɖe edzi le elektrɔnikwo tsɔtsɔ yi teƒe bubuwo me. ROS si gbɔ eme ate ŋu adze mitochondrial DNA, protein, kple lipids dzi, si agblẽ nu le mitochondria ƒe wɔwɔme kple dɔwɔwɔ ŋu geɖe wu, si ana lãmenugbagbeviwo natsi kabakaba.
Nɔnɔmetata 2 Mɔnu siwo wodo ɖa le alesi tsitsi kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe NAD ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzii ŋu. Tsitsi gblẽa dadasɔ si le NAD ƒe wɔwɔme kple eƒe gbegblẽ dome, si wɔnɛ be NAD ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna le lãkusi vovovowo me.
2. DNA ƒe gbegblẽ ƒe ƒuƒoƒo: Abe nusi wotsɔ wɔa PARP ene la, NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ la gbɔdzɔa DNA ɖɔɖɔɖo ƒe ŋutete. Ne womate ŋu aɖɔ DNA ƒe gbegblẽ ɖo nyuie le ɣeyiɣi nyuitɔ dzi o la, ehea domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe malikenyenye vɛ, si wɔnɛ be domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ kple domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ gbogbo aɖewo ƒoa ƒu. Domenyiŋusẽfianu siawo doa kplamatse lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie, si gblẽa nu le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dzidziɖedzi, vovototodedeameme, kple woƒe tsɔtsrɔ̃ ŋu, si wɔnɛ be lãmenugbagbeviwo tsina. DNA ƒe gbegblẽ hã nana dzesimɔ siwo do ƒome kple tsitsi le lãmenugbagbeviwo me, abe p53-p21 kple p16INK4a-Rb mɔwo ene, wɔa dɔ, si ganaa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsitsi gadzɔna ɖe edzi.
3. Dzesimɔ siwo do ƒome kple tsitsi ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie: sirtuin ƒomea ƒe protein siwo nɔa te ɖe NAD+ dzi wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le dzesimɔ siwo do ƒome kple tsitsi ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ me. Ne NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ le ɖiɖim la, woxea mɔ na sirtuin ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, si wɔnɛ be protein siwo woɖo taɖodzinu na le anyime ƒe deacetylation ƒe tɔtrɔwo dzi ɖena kpɔtɔna. SIRT1 ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ wɔnɛ be p53 nɔa nɔnɔme si me acetylated le ŋutɔ me, si doa ŋusẽ p53 ƒe nuŋɔŋlɔ ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, si wɔnɛ be lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsatsam ƒe nuléle kple apoptosis; le ɣeyiɣi ma ke me la, FOXO transcription factor ƒe deacetylation si gbɔdzɔ to SIRT1 dzi kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe lãmenugbagbevi ƒe antioxidant stress tsitretsitsi kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, tɔtrɔ siwo vaa sirtuin ƒomea me tɔ bubuwo abe SIRT3 kple SIRT6 ene ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me hã kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe mitochondria ƒe dɔwɔwɔ, domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe liƒo, kple dɔdzẽ ƒe ŋuɖoɖowo dzi, eye ne wotsɔ wo katã ƒo ƒui la, eʋãa lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe tsitsi ƒe ŋgɔyiyi.
Mɔnu siwo woatsɔ atsi tsitsi nu be woadzi NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ɖe edzi
Ne míebu ƒomedodo kplikplikpli si le NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si dzi ɖe kpɔtɔ kple tsitsi dome ta la, mɔnu siwo woatsɔ ahe tsitsi ɖe megbe to NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ me va zu numekuku ƒe teƒe vevi aɖe.
1. NAD+ Precursors Kpekpeɖeŋunana: NAD+ Precursors kpeɖeŋutɔ nye mɔnu si bɔ be woadzi NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ɖe edzi. NAD+ ƒe ŋgɔdonya siwo bɔ dometɔ aɖewoe nye nicotinamide (NAM), nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), kple nicotinamide riboside (NR). Woate ŋu atrɔ nusiwo do ŋgɔ na esiawo woazu NAD+ to lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe mɔnu tɔxɛwo dzi le lãmenugbagbeviwo me, si ana eƒe agbɔsɔsɔ nadzi ɖe edzi.
Nicotinamide (NAM): NAM nye vitamin B3 ƒomevi aɖe si woate ŋu atrɔ azu nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) to nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me, si wozãna emegbe tsɔ wɔa NAD+. NAM ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ gã ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ ate ŋu axe mɔ ɖe NAMPT ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nu, si ana eƒe ŋutete be wòadzi NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ɖe edzi la dzi akpɔtɔ. NAM zazã ɣeyiɣi didi ate ŋu ahe nugbegblẽ le ame ŋu abe ŋutigbalẽ ƒe ʋuʋu ene vɛ, gake ne wozãe wòsɔ la, NAM ate ŋu ana NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le lãmenugbagbeviwo me nadzi ɖe edzi nyuie, ana ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ le lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu nanyo ɖe edzi, eye wòana DNA ɖɔɖɔɖodɔwo nanyo ɖe edzi.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN): NMN nye ŋgɔdonya tẽ le NAD+ ƒe nugbagbewo ƒe wɔwɔme mɔnu me. Numekukuwo ɖee fia be NMN si woano la xɔa nu kabakaba eye wòtrɔna zua NAD+, si wɔnɛ be NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzina ɖe edzi nyuie le lãkusi vovovowo me. Le dodokpɔ siwo wowɔ le lãwo ŋu me la, NMN ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ nana ɖe ŋgɔyiyi gã aɖe fia le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe kuxi siwo do ƒome kple tsitsi, dzitodzito ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie, kple ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie me. Le kpɔɖeŋu me. Tsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu la, wokpɔe be NMN doa mitochondrial biogenesis ɖe ŋgɔ, doa mitochondria ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ɖe ŋgɔ, eye wòɖea nusiwo oxidative stress hena vɛ dzi kpɔtɔna.
Nicotinamide riboside (NR): NR nye NAD+ ŋgɔdola nyui bubu si woate ŋu atrɔ azu NMN to phosphorylation to nicotinamide riboside kinase (NRK) dzi, si wozãna emegbe tsɔ wɔa NAD+. Abe NMN ene la, ne wotsɔ NR kpe ɖe eŋu la, ate ŋu ana NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ le lãmenugbagbeviwo me nadzi ɖe edzi, ana lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi, eye wòahe tsitsi ɖe megbe. Le sisiblisi tsitsiwo gome la, NR ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ ate ŋu atrɔ asi le lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ kple nuteɖeamedzi ƒe ŋuɖoɖo ƒe mɔnuwo ŋu, ana domenyiŋusẽfianu si nye Clock clock domenyiŋusẽfianu BMAL1 ƒe chromatin-binding ŋutete nadzi ɖe edzi, ana mitochondria ƒe gbɔgbɔtsixe ƒe tsɔtsɔme kple circadian ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nagaɖo anyi, eye wòana mitochondria ƒe gbɔgbɔtsixe ƒe ʋuʋu kple circadian ƒe dɔwɔwɔ naɖo anyi, eye wòana sisiblisi tsitsiwo ƒe ŋutilã ƒe nɔnɔme ƒe akpa aɖe naɖo mice suewo tɔ gbɔ.
Nɔnɔmetata 3 Kpɔɖeŋu si ɖe NAD+ xɔnamemɔ kple nicotinamide riboside (NR) ƒe tɔtrɔ zu NAD+ fia.
2. NAD+ metabolic enzymes ƒe ɖoɖowɔwɔ:
NAD+ synthase ƒe dɔwɔwɔ: NAMPT nye enzyme si ɖoa seɖoƒe na agbɔsɔsɔme le NAD+ biosynthetic mɔ dzi, eye dɔwɔwɔ ƒe dzidziɖedzi ate ŋu ado NAD+ ƒe wɔwɔme ɖe ŋgɔ. Wokpɔe be dzɔdzɔmenu aɖewo abe resveratrol kple apigenin ene naa NAMPT wɔa dɔ, si wɔnɛ be NAD+ wɔwɔ dzina ɖe edzi. Resveratrol nye polyphenolic atike si le weintsetse ƒe lãgbalẽ, wein dzĩ, kple numiemie bubuwo me. Ate ŋu adzi NAMPT ƒe ɖeɖefia ɖe dzi le mɔ si mele tẽ o nu to SIRT1-PGC-1α dzesimɔa ƒe dɔwɔwɔ me, si ana NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ nadzi ɖe edzi. Resveratrol zazã nana ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ le lãmenugbagbeviwo ŋu nyona ɖe edzi, eɖea oxidative stress ƒe nugbegblẽ dzi kpɔtɔna, eye wòdidia agbenɔƒe ɖe edzi le mice tsitsiwo me.
NAD+ ɖula ƒe mɔxexeɖedɔléle nu: CD38 nye NAD+ ɖula ƒe enzyme vevi aɖe si ƒe ɖeɖefia kple dɔwɔwɔ dzina ɖe edzi ne ame tsi, si wɔnɛ be NAD+ ƒe gbegblẽ kabakaba. CD38 ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ ɖea NAD+ zazã dzi kpɔtɔna eye wòléa NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le lãmenugbagbeviwo me ɖe te. Woka nya ta be atike sue aɖewo abe 78c kple apigenin ene xea mɔ na CD38 ƒe dɔwɔwɔ. CD38 mɔxenuwo zazã ate ŋu ana NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ nadzi ɖe edzi eye wòana ŋutilã ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie si do ƒome kple tsitsi nanyo ɖe edzi, abe dzi ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie wu kple lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe kuxiwo ƒe nyonyo ene.
3. Agbenɔnɔ ƒe nudede nyawo me: Agbenɔnɔ ƒe nɔnɔmewo hã kpɔa ŋusẽ ɖe NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi vevie.
Kamedede: Kamedede edziedzi doa ŋusẽ NAD+ biosynthetic mɔ eye wòdzia NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ɖe edzi. Kamedede si me ya le kple ŋusẽdodo ƒe hehexɔxɔ siaa ate ŋu ana NAMPT ƒe ɖeɖefia kple dɔwɔwɔ nadzi ɖe edzi le ƒunukpeƒeŋusẽ me, si ado NAD+ ƒe wɔwɔme ɖe ŋgɔ. Kamedede ate ŋu aɖɔ domenyiŋusẽfianu siwo do ƒome kple NAD+ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ hã ɖo, ana mitochondria ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi, eye wòana lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe antioxidant ŋutete nadzi ɖe edzi. Le ame tsitsiwo gome la, kamedede si sɔ ate ŋu ana NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ le lãmekawo me nadzi ɖe edzi nyuie, ana lãmekawo ƒe ŋusẽ kple lãmekawo nawɔ dɔ nyuie wu, eye wòana tsitsi ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nagbɔdzɔ.
Nuɖuɖu ƒe mɔxexeɖedɔléle nu: Wonyae le afisiafi be mɔxexe ɖe nuɖuɖu nu, abe nuɖuɖumeŋusẽ ƒe mɔxexeɖedɔléle nu (CR) kple nutsitsidɔ si nɔa anyi ɣeaɖewoɣi (IF) ene, nye mɔnu nyui siwo dzi woato aɖe tsitsi dzi akpɔtɔ. Nuɖuɖu ƒe ɖoɖo siawo wɔa woƒe ŋusẽ si tsi tre ɖe tsitsi ŋu to NAD+ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ dzi kpɔkpɔ me. CR kple IF naa sirtuin ƒomea ƒe proteinwo abe SIRT1 ene wɔa dɔ, si doa NAD+ ƒe wɔwɔme kple eŋudɔwɔwɔ ɖe ŋgɔ. Nuɖuɖu ƒe mɔxexe ate ŋu aɖe oxidative stress hã dzi akpɔtɔ, ana lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi, eye wòaɖe dɔléle siwo dona tso tsitsi me ƒe afɔkua dzi akpɔtɔ. Le lãwo ƒe dodokpɔwo me la, mɔxexe ɖe nuɖuɖumeŋusẽ nu ɣeyiɣi didi ate ŋu ana NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ nadzi ɖe edzi ŋutɔ eye wòana lã ƒomevi geɖe ƒe agbenɔƒe nadidi ɖe edzi.
NAD+ ƒe Dzidziɖedzi ƒe Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi Siwo Tsi Tre Ðe tsitsi Ŋu
1. Nusiwo tsi tre ɖe tsitsi ŋu le lãwo ƒe dodokpɔwo me: Lãwo ƒe dodokpɔ geɖe ɖo kpe edzi be NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si dzi ɖe edzi ate ŋu ana tsitsi ƒe ɖoɖoa nagbɔdzɔ ŋutɔ eye wòana ŋutilã ƒe dɔmawɔmawɔ nyuie si do ƒome kple tsitsi nanyo ɖe edzi.
Lãmetsiŋusẽ ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ Nyuitɔ: Le sisiblisi tsitsiwo gome la, ne wotsɔ NMN alo NR kpe ɖe eŋu la, ate ŋu ana insulin ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi, ana sukli ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ le ʋu me nanyo ɖe edzi, eye wòana ʋumemi ƒe asitɔtrɔ ƒe kuxiwo nanyo ɖe edzi. NAD+ ŋgɔdonya ƒe kpeɖeŋutɔ ate ŋu ana ami ƒe oxidation nadzi ɖe edzi le ami me, aɖe ami ƒe ƒuƒoƒo dzi akpɔtɔ, eye wòaɖe dɔléle siwo do ƒome kple lolo akpa ƒe afɔkua dzi akpɔtɔ. NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ ate ŋu ana aklã ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ hã nanyo ɖe edzi, ana aklã ƒe aɖi ɖeɖeɖa ƒe ŋutete nadzi ɖe edzi na atikewo kple aɖinuwo, eye wòana aklã ƒe ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie nanɔ anyi.
Dzitodzitowo ƒe Dɔwɔwɔ Takpɔkpɔ: Le tsitsime la, dzitodzitowo ƒe wɔwɔme kple dɔwɔwɔ ƒe tɔtrɔwo, abe dzitodzito ƒe dzidziɖedzi kple ʋukawo ƒe teteɖeanyi dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ ene. Ne wotsɔ NAD+ ŋgɔdonuwo kpe ɖe eŋu la, ate ŋu ana dzi ƒe tete kple ɖiɖiɖeme ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi, aɖe dzitodzito me lãkusi ƒe ʋuʋu dzi akpɔtɔ, eye wòaɖe oxidative stress ƒe nugbegblẽ dzi akpɔtɔ. Le lãwo ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo me la, NMN alo NR kpeɖeŋutɔ ate ŋu aɖe ʋu ƒe sisi dzi akpɔtɔ, ana ʋukawo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi, eye wòaɖe dzitodzito me dɔléle ƒe afɔkua dzi akpɔtɔ. Le dzitodzito me ʋu ƒe sisi ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo me la, NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si dzi ɖe edzi ate ŋu ado dzitodzito me lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe agbetsitsi kple wo dzadzraɖo ɖe ŋgɔ, aɖe dzitodzito ƒe lolome dzi akpɔtɔ, eye wòana dzitodzito ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi.
Ahɔhɔ̃mekawo Takpɔkpɔ ƒe Ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi: Le ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔléle siwo gblẽa nu le ame ŋu ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo me la, NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si le dzidzim ɖe edzi ɖea ahɔhɔ̃mekawo takpɔkpɔ ƒe ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi ɖedzesiwo fiana. Numekukuwo ɖee fia be NMN alo NR kpeɖeŋutɔ ate ŋu ana susu ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nanyo ɖe edzi, aɖe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe dɔdzẽ dzi akpɔtɔ, eye wòaɖe ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ƒe aɖi proteinwo ƒe ƒuƒoƒo dzi akpɔtɔ. Le Alzheimer ƒe dɔlélea ƒe sisiblisi ƒe kpɔɖeŋuwo me la, NAD+ ƒe ŋgɔdonuwo tsɔtsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu ate ŋu aɖe β-amyloid wɔwɔ dzi akpɔtɔ, axe mɔ ɖe tau protein ƒe phosphorylation si gbɔ eme nu, akpɔ ahɔhɔ̃mekawo ta tso nusiwo gblẽ me, eye wòato esia me ana nusɔsrɔ̃ kple ŋkuɖoɖonudzi ŋutetewo nanyo ɖe edzi.
Agbenɔƒe didi: Le kpɔɖeŋu nugbagbevi vovovowo me la, wokpɔe be NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ si dzina ɖe edzi nana agbenɔƒe didi. Le nematodes kple atikutsetse me ʋetsuviwo me la, NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ to domenyiŋusẽfianu ƒe tɔtrɔ alo NAD+ ŋgɔdonuwo tsɔtsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu me ate ŋu ana woƒe agbenɔƒe nadidi ɖe edzi ŋutɔ. Le sisiblisiwo ƒe dodokpɔwo me la, NMN alo NR zazã ɣeyiɣi didi hã ɖe nɔnɔme aɖe fia be woadidi ɖe edzi, togbɔ be ŋusẽkpɔɖeamedzi sia ate ŋu ato vovo le numekuku vovovowo me hã. Le nusianu me la, nusiwo ŋu woke ɖo siawo ɖe ŋusẽ nyui si NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ kpɔna ɖe agbenɔƒe dzi fia.
Nyanuwuwuw
Abe coenzyme vevi aɖe le lãmenugbagbeviwo me ene la, NAD+ wɔa akpa vevi aɖe le ŋutilã ƒe dɔwɔwɔ veviwo abe ŋusẽ ƒe asitɔtrɔ, DNA ɖɔɖɔɖo, kple proteinwo ƒe tɔtrɔ le gbegɔmeɖeɖe megbe ene me. Ne ƒexɔxɔ le dzidzim ɖe edzi la, NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ dzi ɖeɖe kpɔtɔ do ƒome kplikplikpli kple tsitsi ƒe ɖoɖoa kple dɔléle vovovo siwo do ƒome kple tsitsi ƒe gɔmedzedze kple woƒe ŋgɔyiyi. Mɔnu siwo wozãna tsɔ dzia NAD+ ƒe agbɔsɔsɔ ɖe edzi, abe NAD+ ƒe ŋgɔdonuwo tsɔtsɔ kpe ɖe eŋu, NAD+ ƒe lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ ƒe enzymewo dzi kpɔkpɔ, kple agbenɔnɔ ƒe nudede eme ene, ɖe ŋusẽ vevi siwo tsi tre ɖe tsitsi ŋu fia le lãwo ƒe dodokpɔwo me, siwo dometɔ aɖewoe nye lãmenugbagbeviwo ƒe dɔwɔwɔ nyuie wu, dzitodzito kple lãmekawo takpɔkpɔ, kple agbenɔƒe didi.
Dzɔtsoƒewo
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Adzɔnu si li na numekuku zazã ɖeɖeko:
