Bya Cocer Peptides 
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EBINTU BYONNNA N’AMAWULIRE GW’EBINTU EBIweereddwa KU MUTINDO GUNO BIKOZESEBWA KU KUSASANYA AMAWULIRE N’EBIKOLWA BY’OKUSOMESA.
Ebintu ebiweereddwa ku mukutu guno bigendereddwamu kunoonyereza mu kisenge (in vitro research) byokka. Okunoonyereza mu vitro (Olulattini: *mu ndabirwamu*, ekitegeeza mu bikozesebwa mu ndabirwamu) kukolebwa ebweru w’omubiri gw’omuntu. Ebintu bino si bya ddagala, tebikkiriziddwa kitongole kya Amerika ekivunaanyizibwa ku by’emmere n’eddagala (FDA), era tebirina kukozesebwa kuziyiza, kujjanjaba oba kuwonya mbeera yonna ya bujjanjabi, bulwadde oba bulwadde. Kikugirwa nnyo mu mateeka okuyingiza ebintu bino mu mubiri gw’omuntu oba ebisolo mu ngeri yonna.
Okulambika okutwaliza awamu
Growth Hormone Deficiency (GHD) buzibu mu kukula n’okukula obuva ku butafulumya bungi oba obutakola bulungi bwa Growth Hormone (GH). GH, obusimu obuyitibwa peptide hormone obufulumizibwa enseke z’omu lubuto (anterior pituitary gland), bukola kinene nnyo mu kukula n’enkula y’abaana. Obujjanjabi obukyusa peptide, ng’obujjanjabi obusookerwako eri GHD, bubadde bumanyiddwa nnyo mu nkola y’obujjanjabi.
Ekifaananyi 1 Enkola y’obusimu obukula n’obusimu obulala ku magumba.
Emirimu gy’omubiri egy’obusimu bw’okukula
(1) Okutumbula Enkulaakulana n’Enkulaakulana
Okukula kw’amagumba: GH ekola butereevu ku bipande by’okukula kw’amagumba, n’esitula okukula n’okwawukana kw’obutoffaali bw’amagumba, n’etumbula okusengejja n’okufuuka amagumba mu matrix y’amagumba, bwe kityo n’eyamba okukula kw’amagumba mu bbanga. Okugeza, mu kiseera ky’okukula kw’amagumba amawanvu, GH etumbula okugabanya obutasalako kw’obutoffaali bw’amagumba aga epiphyseal, n’eyongera ku muwendo gw’obutoffaali bw’amagumba, era bwe kityo n’evuga okuwanvuwa kw’amagumba.
Okukula kw’ebitundu by’omubiri: GH era etumbula okukula kw’ebitundu n’ebitundu by’omubiri eby’enjawulo mu mubiri gwonna. Kisitula okukula kw’obutoffaali bw’ebinywa n’okukola puloteyina, okwongera ku buzito bw’ebinywa; kitumbula okukula n’okukula kw’ebitundu by’omunda ng’ekibumba n’ensigo, ne kikuuma emirimu gyabyo egya bulijjo. Okugeza, mu bitundu by’ebinywa, GH upregulates okwolesebwa kw’obuzaale obukwatagana, okutumbula okukula n’okukula ennyo kw’obuwuzi bw’ebinywa.
(2) Okulungamya enkola z’enkyukakyuka mu mubiri
Enkyukakyuka ya glucose: Enfuga ya GH ku nkyukakyuka ya glucose nzibu nnyo. Kiyinza okuziyiza okutwala n’okukozesa glucose mu bitundu by’omubiri ebiriraanyewo, ekivaako glucose mu musaayi okulinnya; era kiyinza okutumbula okumenya kwa glycogen mu kibumba, okwongera okwongera ku glucose mu musaayi. Ekikolwa kya GH eky’ekiseera ekiwanvu kiyinza okutumbula obutatereevu okuwuliziganya kwa insulin nga kitumbula okufulumya ekirungo ky’okukula ekiringa insulini-1 (IGF-1), bwe kityo ne kikendeeza ku miwendo gya glucose mu musaayi.
Enkyukakyuka y’amasavu: GH etumbula okumenya amasavu, n’eyongera okufulumya asidi z’amasavu ez’obwereere okuwa omubiri amaanyi. Era kikendeeza ku kukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw’amasavu, ekiyamba okukuuma ensaasaanya y’amasavu mu mubiri mu ngeri eya bulijjo. Mu kunoonyereza okumu, abaana abalina obuzibu bw’obusimu bw’okukula (GHD) baafuna okukendeera okw’amaanyi mu masavu mu mubiri oluvannyuma lw’okufuna obujjanjabi obukyusa GH, obukwatagana ennyo n’omulimu gwa GH mu kutumbula enkyukakyuka y’amasavu.
Enkyukakyuka ya puloteyina: GH kikulu nnyo mu kulungamya okukola puloteyina. Kitumbula okuyingira kwa amino asidi mu butoffaali, kyanguya okukola puloteyina, era kiziyiza okumenya kwa puloteyina, bwe kityo ne kyongera ku puloteyina mu mubiri. Mu kiseera ky’okukula n’okukula kw’abaana, ekikolwa kino kiyamba okukuuma enkula eya bulijjo n’okuddaabiriza ebitundu by’omubiri ng’ebinywa n’amagumba.
Obutabeera na busimu bw’okukula mu baana
(1) Ensengekera y’obulwadde
Ensonga ezizaalibwa: Abalwadde abamu aba GHD bava ku nsonga z’obuzaale. Enkyukakyuka z’obuzaale ezimu ziyinza okukosa enkola ya GH okusengejja, okufulumya, oba okukola. Ebizibu ebitera okubaawo mu buzaale mulimu enkyukakyuka mu ggiini y’obusimu obukula (GH1), ekiyinza okuvaako okukosa okukola GH; enkyukakyuka mu buzaale obukwatagana n’enkula y’enkwaso, nga PROP1 ne POU1F1, zisobola okukosa enkula eya bulijjo ey’endwadde z’omu lubuto ez’omu maaso, ekivaamu obutafulumya GH bumala.
Ensonga ezifunibwa: Ensonga ezifunibwa ng’ebizimba ku bwongo, yinfekisoni, n’okulumwa nazo zisobola okuleeta GHD. Ebizimba ku bwongo, nga craniopharyngiomas, bisobola okunyigiriza enseke oba hypothalamus, ne bikosa okufulumya GH; yinfekisoni z’omu mutwe nga encephalitis oba meningitis zisobola okwonoona obutoffaali bw’obusimu obuyitibwa neuroendocrine cells obwa pituitary gland oba hypothalamus, ekivaako okufulumya GH mu ngeri etaali ya bulijjo; okulumwa omutwe naddala ebyo ebizingiramu okwonooneka kw’ekikolo kya pituitary oba hypothalamus, nakyo kiyinza okutaataaganya amakubo agafuga okufulumya GH, ekivaako GHD.
Ensonga ezikwata ku bulwadde bwa idiopathic: Ekitundu ku balwadde ba GHD tebalina nsonga emanyiddwa era bateekebwa mu kibinja ky’abalina obulwadde bwa GHD. Abalwadde bano bayinza okuba n’obuzibu obutono mu nkola ya hypothalamic-pituitary, naye obuzibu buno si bwa maanyi kimala okusobola okuzuulibwa mu ngeri enkakafu. Mu kiseera kino kirowoozebwa nti idiopathic GHD eyinza okuba nga ekwatagana n’okutaataaganyizibwa mu hypothalamic neurotransmitter oba neuro-regulatory function.
(2) Okwolesebwa mu bujjanjabi
Okulwawo okukula: Kino kye kisinga okulabika mu bujjanjabi obwa GHD. Omutindo gw’okukula kw’obuwanvu bw’omwana gugenda mpola nnyo okusinga ogwa banne, ng’omutindo gw’okukula kw’omwana buli mwaka gutera okuba wansi wa sentimita 5. Omwana bw’akaddiwa, enjawulo mu buwanvu ku banne yeeyongera mpolampola, era obuwanvu obumpi bweyongera okweyoleka. Okugeza, wadde ng’abaana aba bulijjo bakula nga sentimita 5–7 buli mwaka nga tebannaba kukula, abalwadde ba GHD bayinza okukula sentimita 2–3 zokka.
P roportional body build: Wadde ng’abaana abalina GHD bampi mu buwanvu, omubiri gwabwe gutera okuba ogw’ekigero. Kino kyawukana ku buwanvu bw’amaka obumpi, abaana gye bayinza okwoleka obuwanvu bw’ebitundu by’omubiri ebitali bituufu. Abaana abalina GHD batera okuba n’endabika ya ffeesi ng’ey’omwana, nga balina omutwe omunene ennyo ogutakwatagana na sayizi y’omubiri gwabwe. Abaana abamu abalina GHD nabo bayinza okuba n’obuzibu mu nkyukakyuka y’emmere, gamba ng’amasavu mu mubiri okweyongera n’ebinywa okukendeera; abamu bayinza okulwawo okukula mu by’okwegatta, ekimanyiddwa ng’okulwawo okutandika mu myaka gy’obuvubuka n’okulwawo okukula kw’engeri z’okwegatta ez’okubiri; okugatta ku ekyo, abaana abalina GHD bayinza okuba n’ensonga z’obusimu ng’obuzibu mu kuyiga n’obutafaayo, ebikwatagana n’enkosa y’obusimu bw’okukula ku nkula y’obusimu.
(3) Enkola
Okukebera mu laboratory
Okugezesa okusitula obusimu bw’okukula: Okuva GH bwe kifulumizibwa mu nnyindo, okutwala omusaayi mu ngeri ey’ekifuulannenge okupima emiwendo gya GH tekiyinza kulaga bulungi mbeera yaayo ey’okufulumya. N’olwekyo, kyetaagisa okukebera obusimu bw’okukula. Eddagala eritera okukozesebwa okusitula omubiri mulimu insulini, arginine ne clonidine. Nga tugaba eddagala erisikirizibwa, okuddamu kw’okufulumya GH kweyolekera. Okutwalira awamu, entikko ya GH eri wansi wa 10 μg/L eraga nti GH ebula ekitundu, ate entikko ya GH eri wansi wa 5 μg/L eraga nti GH ebula mu bujjuvu.
Okupima Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1) ne Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3) Okupima: Emiwendo gya IGF-1 ne IGFBP-3 gikwatagana nnyo n’okufulumya GH era nga teginywevu, tegikosebwa kufulumya kwa pulsatile. Mu baana abalina GHD, emiwendo gya IGF-1 ne IGFBP-3 gitera okuba wansi w’ekigero ekya bulijjo ku myaka gyabwe. Emiwendo gya IGF-1 nagyo gikwatibwako ensonga ng’emyaka n’endya, kale bino birina okulowoozebwako mu bujjuvu nga bazuula obulwadde.
Obujjanjabi bw’okukyusa eddagala lya Peptide
Okulonda eddagala erijjanjaba okukyusa obusimu bw’okukula
Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH): rhGH mu kiseera kino lye ddagala lya peptide erisinga okukozesebwa okujjanjaba GHD mu nkola y’obujjanjabi. Kikolebwa nga tukozesa tekinologiya wa yinginiya w’obuzaale, nga kirimu omutendera gwa amino asidi gwefaananyirizaako ogwa GH ey’obutonde. rhGH esangibwa mu nkola ez’enjawulo, omuli empiso za pawuda ezikaze mu firiigi n’empiso ezikolebwa mu mazzi. Mu kunoonyereza okumu, okukozesa amazzi agayitibwa recombinant human growth hormone aqueous solutions okujjanjaba abaana abalina GHD kivuddemu ebirungi mu bujjanjabi, nga kweyongera nnyo mu kigero ky’okukula kw’obuwanvu mu balwadde.
Obusimu obukula obukola ebbanga eddene: Okusobola okulongoosa mu kugoberera amateeka g’omulwadde, obusimu obukula obukola ebbanga eddene bwakolebwa. Obusimu bw’okukula obukola ebbanga eddene bukolebwa nga bukyusa eddagala lya rhGH okwongera ku kitundu ky’obulamu bwayo mu mubiri, bwe kityo ne kikendeeza ku mirundi gy’empiso. Polyethylene glycol-modified recombinant human growth hormone (PEG-rhGH) yeetaaga empiso emu yokka buli wiiki, ekikendeeza nnyo ku buzito bw’empiso ku balwadde. PEG-rhGH eraga obulungi n’obukuumi obufaananako n’empiso za rhGH eza buli lunaku mu kujjanjaba abaana abalina GHD.
Okunoonyereza kugenda mu maaso ku ddagala eddala erya peptide: Ng’oggyeeko rhGH n’enkola zaayo ezikola ebbanga eddene, eddagala lya peptide eriwerako eripya mu kiseera kino liri mu kukolebwa. Okugeza, ebintu ebimu ebya peptide ebitumbula okufulumya GH oba okutumbula ekikolwa kya GH biyinza okuvaayo ng’enkola empya ez’obujjanjabi eri GHD.
(2) Ebiva mu Bujjanjabi
Obuwanvu: Okweyongera obuwanvu kye kisinga okulaga obutereevu okwekenneenya obulungi bw’obujjanjabi obukyusa obusimu bw’okukula. Nga buli kiseera opima obuwanvu bw’omwana, okubala obuwanvu bw’okukula, n’okubugeraageranya n’emitendera egyaliwo nga tannajjanjabwa. Okutwalira awamu, mu myezi 6–12 egisooka egy’obujjanjabi, omutindo gw’okukula kw’obuwanvu gwangu nnyo, ne guddirirwa okutebenkera mpolampola. Mu kunoonyereza, abalwadde ba GHD abajjanjabwa n’obusimu bw’okukula okumala emyezi 6 baalaba ng’obuwanvu bwabwe bweyongera okuva ku sentimita 3 buli mwaka nga tebannajjanjabwa okutuuka ku sentimita 8 buli mwaka.
Enkyukakyuka mu myaka gy’amagumba: Emyaka gy’amagumba kikulu nnyo ekiraga nti amagumba gakula. Obujjanjabi bw’obusimu bw’okukula buyinza okubaako kye bukola ku myaka gy’amagumba. Mu kiseera ky’obujjanjabi, emyaka gy’amagumba girina okupimibwa buli kiseera okulaba omutindo gw’emyaka gy’amagumba gye gikula. Okukula kw’emyaka gy’amagumba kulina okukwatagana n’okukula kw’obuwanvu okwewala okukula kw’emyaka gy’amagumba nga tegunnatuuka ekivaako okuggalawo amangu obupande bw’okukula, ekiyinza okukosa obuwanvu bw’omuntu omukulu obusembayo.
Emiwendo gya IGF-1: Emiwendo gya IGF-1 kiraga kikulu nnyo mu biramu mu kwekenneenya obulungi bw’obujjanjabi bw’obusimu obukula. Oluvannyuma lw’obujjanjabi bw’obusimu obukula, emiwendo gya IGF-1 gitera okweyongera era gikwatagana nnyo n’obulungi bw’obujjanjabi. Okutwalira awamu, okukuuma emiwendo gya IGF-1 ku kkomo erya waggulu erya bulijjo oba waggulu katono ku ddaala erya bulijjo kiraga nti obujjanjabi bukola bulungi.
Ng’oggyeeko okulondoola enkyukakyuka mu bipimo by’omubiri, enkola y’obujjanjabi bw’obusimu bw’okukula ku mutindo gw’obulamu bw’omwana nayo erina okwekenneenya. Kuno kw’ogatta embeera y’omwana mu by’omwoyo, obukugu mu mbeera z’abantu, n’engeri gy’asomamu. Oluvannyuma lw’obujjanjabi obulungi obw’obusimu bw’okukula, okwekkiririzaamu kw’omwana kweyongera, emirimu gy’okubeera n’abantu gyeyongera, okusoma kulongooka, era omutindo gw’obulamu gweyongera nnyo.
Mu bufunzi
Obutabeera na busimu bw’okukula mu baana mbeera ya maanyi ekosa ennyo enkula n’enkula, nga waliwo enkola enzibu ezisibukamu n’okwolesebwa okw’enjawulo mu bujjanjabi. Obujjanjabi obukyusa peptide naddala okukyusa obusimu bw’okukula, bufuuse bujjanjabi obusookerwako eri GHD.
Ensonda
[1] Verrico A, Crocco M, Casalini E, n’abalala. LGG-40. Okukyusa obusimu bw’okukula mu baana abali ku bujjanjabi bwa Vemurafenib ku Low Grade Glioma[J]. Neuro-Oncology, 2022,24 (Eky'okugattako_1): i97.DOI: 10.1093 / neuonc / noac079.352.
[2] Sävendahl L, Battelino T, Højby R. M., n’abalala. Okukyusa GH okulungi ne Somapacitan omulundi gumu buli wiiki vs GH eya buli lunaku mu baana abalina GHD: Ebivudde mu myaka 3 Okuva mu REAL 3[J]. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Enkyukakyuka mu mubiri, 2022, 107 (5): 1357-1367.DOI: 10.1210 / clinem / dgab928.
[3] Caballero-Villarraso J, Aguado R, Cañete M. D., n’abalala. Obujjanjabi bw’okukyusa obusimu mu baana abalina obutaba na busimu bw’okukula: okukosebwa ku nkula y’abaserikale b’omubiri[J]. Ebitabo by'Ebyobulamu n'Ebyobulamu, 2021,127 (3): 245-249.DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1628070.
[4] Wang C, Huang H, Zhao C, n’abalala. Enkosa y’obujjanjabi obukyusa obusimu bw’okukula bw’omuntu obuyitibwa pegylated recombinant human growth hormone replacement ku glucose ne lipid metabolism mu baana abalina obuzibu bw’obusimu bw’okukula[J]. Annals of eddagala eriweweeza ku bulwadde, 2021, 10 (2): 1809-1814.DOI: 10.21037 / apm-20-871.
[5] Witkowska-Sędek E, Stelmaszczyk-Emmel A, Kucharska A. M., n’abalala. Akakwate Wakati Wa Vitamin D ne Carboxy-Terminal Cross-Linked Telopeptide of Type I Collagen mu baana mu kiseera ky’obujjanjabi bw’okukyusa obusimu bw’okukula.[J]. Enkulaakulana mu ddagala ery'okugezesa n'ebiramu, 2018,1047:53-60. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:27770255. Enkola y’okukuuma obutonde bw’ensi.
